Effective isolation of cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid free of psychotropic phytocannabinoids from hemp extract by fast centrifugal partition chromatography

Abstract

Cannabidiol (CBD), together with its precursor cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), is the major phytocannabinoid occurring in most hemp cultivars. To ensure the safe use of these compounds, their effective isolation from hemp extract is required, with special emphasis on the elimination of ∆ ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆ ⁹-THC) and ∆ ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (∆ ⁹-THCA-A). In this study, we demonstrate the applicability of fast centrifugal partition chromatography (FCPC) as a challenging format of counter-current preparative chromatography for the isolation of CBD and CBDA free of psychotropic compounds that may occur in Cannabis sativa L. plant extracts. Thirty-eight solvent mixtures were tested to identify a suitable two-phase system for this purpose. Based on the measured partition coefficients (K _D) and separation factors (α), the two-phase system consisting of n-heptane:ethyl acetate:ethanol:water (1.5:0.5:1.5:0.5; v:v:v:v) was selected as an optimal solvent mixture. Employing UHPLC-HRMS/MS for target analysis of collected fractions, the elution profiles of 17 most common phytocannabinoids were determined. Under experimental conditions, the purity of isolated CBD and CBDA was 98.9 and 95.1% ( w/w), respectively. Neither of ∆ ⁹-THC nor of ∆ ⁹-THCA-A were present; only trace amounts of other biologically active compounds contained in hemp extract were detected by screening against in-house spectral library using UHPLC-HRMS.

Graphical abstract

Supplementary information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00216-023-04782-9.