This Special Issue focuses on recent research on the important emerging and neglected
tropical diseases (NTDs) in South and South East Asia and Northern Australia. This
region stretches from Pakistan in the west to the Philippines in the east, and includes
Afghanistan and countries to the east, the Indian subcontinent, mainland South-East
Asia, and the tropical regions of Australia. Many of these areas are highly endemic
for important NTDs and other tropical diseases, including lymphatic filariasis (LF),
soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH) such as hookworm infection, trichuriasis, ascariasis,
and strongyloidiasis, rickettsial diseases and arboviral diseases. Several of these
diseases are targeted for elimination or enhanced control by the World Health Organization
(WHO) in the next 5 to 10 years, although some have chronic lasting sequelae and disability
needing lifelong management. Control methods used include preventive chemotherapy,
enhanced screening and treatment, intensified disease management, vector control,
interruption of human to animal transmission, environmental/sanitation improvements
and disability prevention/mitigation. A current list of WHO NTDs is given in Table
1.
At the time of publication, there have been 11 papers published upon peer review acceptance
in this Special Issue, including eight original papers, two review papers and one
perspectives piece. They each contribute to a much better understanding of Neglected
and Emerging Tropical Diseases in South and Southeast Asia and Northern Australia.
The contributions to these topics can be summarized as follows: four submissions on
LFs [2,3,4,5], four submissions on STHs [6,7,8,9], two submissions on rickettsial
diseases [10,11], and one submission on arboviral diseases [12]. A systematic review
and meta-analysis leads the opening section on LF [2], which reviews prevalence and
disease burden of LF in southeast Asia [2]. Two studies in Myanmar review the utility
of dried blood spots on filter paper for sampling for detection Bm14 antibody and
Og4C3 antigen in cases of LF [3,4], with the latter indicating need for reconciliation
between different sampling methods. A further study in Myanmar examined the usefulness
of low-cost devices for measuring tissue compressibility and extracellular fluid,
used and accepted in other clinical settings, for objective assessment of lymphedema
[5]. A review paper leads the other major section on STH, which focuses on the prevalence
of STHs in different groups, including immigrants, travellers, military personnel
and veterans in Australia and Asia [6]. This is followed by studies examining an extended
period of surveillance data on Strongyloides stercoralis [7]; and a study examining
the prevalence of STHs in remote Aboriginal communities, both in the Northern Territory,
Australia [8]; and a study examining the links between dietary intake, nutritional
status, and intestinal parasites, such as Schistosoma japonicum, Ascaris lumbricoides,
Trichuris trichiura, and hookworm, in the Philippines [9]. The two rickettsial papers
examine hospital admissions for Queensland tick typhus in north Brisbane, Australia
[10], and the other study based in Thailand looks at the influence of land use on
scrub typhus in rodents [11]. Lastly, a perspective piece reminds us that Australia
is home to more than 75 arboviral diseases-, which pose a public health threat to
the Australian population [12].
The diversity of papers, the depth of the topics and the relative geographical reach
of the authors (including authors from several countries across Asia, as well as authors
from Australia and Europe) in this Special Issue confirm the continued collective
major interest in this area. This wide-ranging open access collection contributes
to a much better understanding on the epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, treatment,
prevention and control of neglected and emerging tropical diseases in South and Southeast
Asia and Northern Australia. As the editors of this Special Issue, we trust that you
find the content useful, as the authors are pleased to share their knowledge with
an international audience. We look forward to future opportunities to update advances
in this field and encourage you or publish your work in or propose a Special Issue
for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.