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      Predicting Intensive Care Unit Admission for COVID-19 Patients from Laboratory Results

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          Abstract

          Trends in routine laboratory tests, such as high white blood cell and low platelet counts, correlate with COVID-19-related intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Other related biomarkers include elevated troponin, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate transaminase levels (liver function tests). To this end, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of changes in laboratory test parameters on ward-based and ICU COVID-19 patients. A total of 280 COVID-19 patients were included in the study and were divided based on admission status into ICU (37) or ward (243) patients. ICU admission correlated significantly with higher levels of several tested parameters, including lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, D-dimer, creatine kinase, white blood cell count, and neutrophil count. In conclusion, routine laboratory tests offer an indication of which COVID-19 patients are most likely to be admitted to the ICU. These associations can assist healthcare providers in addressing the needs of patients who are at risk of COVID-19 complications.

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          OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19 death in 17 million patients

          Elizabeth J Williamson, Alex J Walker, Krishnan Bhaskaran … (2020)
          COVID-19 has rapidly impacted on mortality worldwide. 1 There is unprecedented urgency to understand who is most at risk of severe outcomes, requiring new approaches for timely analysis of large datasets. Working on behalf of NHS England we created OpenSAFELY: a secure health analytics platform covering 40% of all patients in England, holding patient data within the existing data centre of a major primary care electronic health records vendor. Primary care records of 17,278,392 adults were pseudonymously linked to 10,926 COVID-19 related deaths. COVID-19 related death was associated with: being male (hazard ratio 1.59, 95%CI 1.53-1.65); older age and deprivation (both with a strong gradient); diabetes; severe asthma; and various other medical conditions. Compared to people with white ethnicity, black and South Asian people were at higher risk even after adjustment for other factors (HR 1.48, 1.29-1.69 and 1.45, 1.32-1.58 respectively). We have quantified a range of clinical risk factors for COVID-19 related death in the largest cohort study conducted by any country to date. OpenSAFELY is rapidly adding further patients’ records; we will update and extend results regularly.
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            Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19

            Angelo Carfì, Roberto Bernabei, Francesco Landi (2020)
            This case series describes COVID-19 symptoms persisting a mean of 60 days after onset among Italian patients previously discharged from COVID-19 hospitalization.
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              Sex differences in immune responses

              Sabra L. Klein, Katie Flanagan (2016)
              Males and females differ in their immunological responses to foreign and self-antigens and show distinctions in innate and adaptive immune responses. Certain immunological sex differences are present throughout life, whereas others are only apparent after puberty and before reproductive senescence, suggesting that both genes and hormones are involved. Furthermore, early environmental exposures influence the microbiome and have sex-dependent effects on immune function. Importantly, these sex-based immunological differences contribute to variations in the incidence of autoimmune diseases and malignancies, susceptibility to infectious diseases and responses to vaccines in males and females. Here, we discuss these differences and emphasize that sex is a biological variable that should be considered in immunological studies.
              Article 0 comments Cited 1551 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Hattan S. Gattan:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3514-4912
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Dis Markers
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Dis Markers
                Journal ID (publisher-id): DM
                Title: Disease Markers
                Publisher: Hindawi
                ISSN (Print): 0278-0240
                ISSN (Electronic): 1875-8630
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 26 May 2022
                Volume: 2022
                Electronic Location Identifier: 4623901
                Affiliations
                1Medical Department, Althagar General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
                2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
                3Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
                4Diagnostic Radiology Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
                5Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
                6Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
                7Pediatric Department, East Jeddah Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
                8Department of Physiotherapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
                9Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Caterina Ledda

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3514-4912
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2985-3958
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2022/4623901
                PMC ID: 9133894
                PubMed ID: 35634446
                SO-VID: 23628be4-5b02-4bce-bef6-a75bf57e49c0
                Copyright © Copyright © 2022 Basmah M. Azad Allarakia et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 16 February 2022
                Date revision received : 19 April 2022
                Date accepted : 11 May 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Data availability:

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