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      Percepciones de la sexualidad en personas mayores: una revisión sistemática de estudios cualitativos Translated title: Perceptions of sexuality in older people: a systematic review of qualitative studies

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Fundamentos: Las percepciones de las personas mayores sobre la sexualidad son poco conocidas. El objetivo de esta revisión fue sintetizar y analizar los estudios que indagaran sobre dichas percepciones en personas mayores institucionalizadas y residentes en la comunidad. Metodología: Se elaboró una revisión sistemática de estudios cualitativos publicados hasta abril de 2018 en The Cochrane Library, Medline (Pubmed), PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest, Cuiden y CINHAL, tanto en inglés como en castellano. Resultados: Encontramos 1.122 artículos, de los cuales 11 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. En base a estos artículos, las personas mayores quieren mantener una sexualidad activa. Se consideran barreras para la expresión sexual los estereotipos sociales, la asociación entre sexualidad y fecundidad/obligación marital, la falta de intimidad, y los prejuicios de familiares y profesionales. Los hombres mayores gais y bisexuales o las personas con el VIH reflejan como barrera el miedo a revelar su orientación sexual o alguna enfermedad, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Las personas mayores consideran la sexualidad como algo positivo y como un deseo que siguen queriendo expresar. Los estereotipos sociales, los prejuicios de las personas con las que conviven, la falta de intimidad y la asociación de la sexualidad con la procreación o bien con la obligación marital son consideradas barreras para la expresión de su deseo sexual. Las políticas sociosanitarias deberían tener en cuenta estas consideraciones.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Background: Perceptions of older people about sexuality are little known. This review aimed to synthesize and analyse studies investigating these perceptions in institutionalized and in community-dwelling older people. Methods: A systematic search was developed in The Cochrane Library, Medline (Pubmed), PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest, Cuiden, and CINHAL of articles published in both English and Spanish until April 2018. Results: 1.122 articles were found, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria. Based on these articles, older people wanted to preserve active sexuality. The social stereotypes, the association between sexuality and fertility and marital duty, the lack of privacy, and the harms of relatives and professionals. The older male gay and bisexual or people with HIV reflected as a barrier to the fear of disclosing their sexual orientation or any disease, respectively. Conclusions: Older people believe sexuality as something positive and as a desire that they still want to express. The social stereotypes, the harms of the people with whom they live, the lack of privacy, and the association between sexuality and fertility and marital duty are considered as barriers to the expression of their sexual desire. Social and health care policies should take these considerations into account.

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          Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research: ENTREQ

          Background The syntheses of multiple qualitative studies can pull together data across different contexts, generate new theoretical or conceptual models, identify research gaps, and provide evidence for the development, implementation and evaluation of health interventions. This study aims to develop a framework for reporting the synthesis of qualitative health research. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search for guidance and reviews relevant to the synthesis of qualitative research, methodology papers, and published syntheses of qualitative health research in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and relevant organisational websites to May 2011. Initial items were generated inductively from guides to synthesizing qualitative health research. The preliminary checklist was piloted against forty published syntheses of qualitative research, purposively selected to capture a range of year of publication, methods and methodologies, and health topics. We removed items that were duplicated, impractical to assess, and rephrased items for clarity. Results The Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research (ENTREQ) statement consists of 21 items grouped into five main domains: introduction, methods and methodology, literature search and selection, appraisal, and synthesis of findings. Conclusions The ENTREQ statement can help researchers to report the stages most commonly associated with the synthesis of qualitative health research: searching and selecting qualitative research, quality appraisal, and methods for synthesising qualitative findings. The synthesis of qualitative research is an expanding and evolving methodological area and we would value feedback from all stakeholders for the continued development and extension of the ENTREQ statement.
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            Sexual dysfunction in the elderly: age or disease?

            Sexuality is an important component of emotional and physical intimacy that men and women experience through their lives. Male erectile dysfunction (ED) and female sexual dysfunction increase with age. About a third of the elderly population has at least one complaint with their sexual function. However, about 60% of the elderly population expresses their interest for maintaining sexual activity. Although aging and functional decline may affect sexual function, when sexual dysfunction is diagnosed, physicians should rule out disease or side effects of medications. Common disorders related to sexual dysfunction include cardiovascular disease, diabetes, lower urinary tract symptoms and depression. Early control of cardiovascular risk factors may improve endothelial function and reduce the occurrence of ED. Treating those disorders or modifying lifestyle-related risk factors (eg obesity) may help prevent sexual dysfunction in the elderly. Sexuality is important for older adults, but interest in discussing aspects of sexual life is variable. Physicians should give their patient's opportunity to voice their concerns with sexual function and offer them alternatives for evaluation and treatment.
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              Aging Perceptions in Older Gay and Bisexual Men in Portugal: A Qualitative Study.

              Aims and Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions toward aging among Portuguese gay and bisexual men over 60 years old. Background Despite the growth of the older population, and the increased visibility and acceptance of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people in Western countries, the experience of aging in older gay and bisexual men is only beginning to be understood. Design We used a qualitative research methodology, based on critical gerontology, for establishing research questions and to identify the perspectives on the aging process in older gay and bisexual individuals. Methods We used a structured electronic inquiry with 25 gay and bisexual men over 60 years of age from Portugal. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to help identify repeated patterns of meaning in the data set. Results The recurrent themes in the narratives of the aging experiences of the participants in the study were as follows: positive perceptions of aging, negative perceptions of aging, coping with being a gay/bisexual man and family ties, professional care, homophobia/discrimination, relationships and social support, intergenerational differences, mediating role of sexual orientation, sociopolitical changes, and personal characteristics. Conclusion Analysis of perceptions about the aging process in older gay and bisexual men emphasized the desire for normalization in the social awareness of sexual orientation. It is important to continue doing research on this topic and disseminate this information among professionals who work with older lesbian, gay, and bisexual people so that they may better understand how they can meet the specific needs of this population.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Rev. Esp. Salud Publica
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                2019
                : 93
                : e201909059
                Affiliations
                [1] Talavera de la Reina orgnameUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia Spain
                [2] Dublín orgnameUniversity College Dublin Ireland
                Article
                S1135-57272019000100502 S1135-5727(19)09300000502
                23a728c1-f876-41d3-843d-66f241f64315

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 January 2019
                : 24 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Public Health

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                Sexuality,Social perception,Anciano,Aptitud,Aged,Qualitative research,Sexualidad,Attitude,Percepción social,Older,Investigación cualitativa

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