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      Temperamento, prematuridade e comportamento interativo mãe-criança Translated title: Temperament, prematurity and mother-child interactive behavior

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          Abstract

          Este estudo teve por objetivo elaborar e testar um modelo combinado de avaliação do temperamento de crianças, diferenciadas pela idade gestacional, e do comportamento em interação com suas mães. A amostra incluiu 10 crianças, sendo cinco nascidas a termo e cinco nascidas pré-termo, com idade entre 18 a 36 meses, e suas respectivas mães. A coleta de dados foi realizada em seus domicílios, onde foi aplicado com a mãe o The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire para avaliação do temperamento das crianças e realizada uma observação sistemática das interações mãe-criança em situação lúdica-livre. A análise de dados da interação focalizou o tipo de inicio dos episódios de contato, dinâmica das atividades, responsividade, sincronia, intrusividade, raiva ou frustração e oposicionismo. Os resultados mostraram que o temperamento das crianças nascidas a termo e pré-termo diferenciou-se quanto à expressão do Controle com Esforço e Extroversão. Os intercâmbios iniciados pela mãe foram os mais frequentes nas interações de ambos os grupos. Houve maior intrusividade materna e raiva e oposicionismo das crianças nascidas prematuras em comparação às nascidas a termo. O modelo de avaliação foi válido para identificar os padrões de comportamento das crianças com desenvolvimento típico e com prematuridade em interação com suas mães.

          Translated abstract

          The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a combined model of temperament assessment of children, differentiated by gestational age, and behavior in the interaction with their mothers. The sample included 10 children, five born full term and five born preterm, aged 18 to 36 months, and their mothers. Data collection was performed in their homes, through an interview with mothers in order to assess their children's temperament using The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire. The study also carried out a systematic observation of the mother-child interactions in a free-play situation. The data analysis of the interaction focused on the type of beginning of contact episodes, dynamics of activities, responsiveness, synchronicity, intrusiveness, anger/frustration and opposition. Results showed that the temperament of children born full term and preterm differed for the expression of Effort Control and Extroversion. Exchanges started by mothers were the most frequent ones in the interactions of both groups. There were more intrusive mothers and children showed more anger and opposition in dyads of children born preterm compared to dyads of children born full term. The assessment model was useful in order to identify the behavior profiles of children with typical development as well as prematurity in interactions with their mothers.

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          Most cited references38

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          Parent-infant synchrony and the construction of shared timing; physiological precursors, developmental outcomes, and risk conditions.

          Synchrony, a construct used across multiple fields to denote the temporal relationship between events, is applied to the study of parent-infant interactions and suggested as a model for intersubjectivity. Three types of timed relationships between the parent and child's affective behavior are assessed: concurrent, sequential, and organized in an ongoing patterned format, and the development of each is charted across the first year. Viewed as a formative experience for the maturation of the social brain, synchrony impacts the development of self-regulation, symbol use, and empathy across childhood and adolescence. Different patterns of synchrony with mother, father, and the family and across cultures describe relationship-specific modes of coordination. The capacity to engage in temporally-matched interactions is based on physiological mechanisms, in particular oscillator systems, such as the biological clock and cardiac pacemaker, and attachment-related hormones, such as oxytocin. Specific patterns of synchrony are described in a range of child-, parent- and context-related risk conditions, pointing to its ecological relevance and usefulness for the study of developmental psychopathology. A perspective that underscores the organization of discrete relational behaviors into emergent patterns and considers time a central parameter of emotion and communication systems may be useful to the study of interpersonal intimacy and its potential for personal transformation across the lifespan.
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            Critério de classificação econômica Brasil

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              From external regulation to self-regulation: early parenting precursors of young children's executive functioning.

              In keeping with proposals emphasizing the role of early experience in infant brain development, this study investigated the prospective links between quality of parent-infant interactions and subsequent child executive functioning (EF), including working memory, impulse control, and set shifting. Maternal sensitivity, mind-mindedness and autonomy support were assessed when children were 12 to 15 months old (N = 80). Child EF was assessed at 18 and 26 months. All three parenting dimensions were found to relate to child EF. Autonomy support was the strongest predictor of EF at each age, independent of general cognitive ability and maternal education. These findings add to previous results on child stress-response systems in suggesting that parent-child relationships may play an important role in children's developing self-regulatory capacities.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                prc
                Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica
                Psicol. Reflex. Crit.
                Curso de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Porto Alegre )
                0102-7972
                June 2015
                : 28
                : 2
                : 416-424
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0102-79722015000200416
                10.1590/1678-7153.201528222
                23b1c9fd-18d6-44f2-b483-fee39d17a8aa

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History

                Temperament,mother-child interactions,premature birth,Temperamento,interação mãe criança,nascimento prematuro

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