N ^α-1, 3-Benzenedicarbonyl-Bis-(Amino Acid) and Dipeptide Candidates: Synthesis, Cytotoxic, Antimicrobial and Molecular Docking Investigation

Abstract

Purpose

The objective of our work was to prepare a potent and safe antimicrobial and anticancer agents, through synthesis of several peptides and examine their biological activities, namely as, cytotoxically potent and antimicrobial and antifungal agents.

Introduction

Multidrug-resistant microbial strains have arisen against all antibiotics in clinical use. Infections caused by these bacteria threaten global public health and are associated with high mortality rates.

Methods

The main backbone structure for the novel synthesized linear peptide is Nα-1, 3-benzenedicarbonyl-bis-(Amino acids)-X, ( 3–11). A computational docking study against DNA gyrase was performed to formulate a mode of action of the small compounds as antimicrobial agents.

Results

The peptide-bearing methionine-ester ( 4) exhibited potent antimicrobial activity compared to the other synthesized compounds, while, peptide ( 8), which had methionine-hydrazide fragment was the most potent as antifungal agent against Aspergillus niger with 100% inhibition percent. Compounds ( 6 and 7) showed the highest potency against breast human tumor cell line “MCF-7” with 95.1% and 79.8% of cell inhibition, respectively. The nine compounds possessed weak to moderate antiproliferative effect over colon tumor cell line. The docking results suggest good fitting through different hydrogen bond interactions with the protein residues. In silico ADMET study also evaluated and suggested that these compounds had promising oral bioavailability features.

Conclusion

The tested compounds need further modification to have significant antimicrobial and antitumor efficacy compared to the reference drugs.