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      Cross platform analysis of methylation, miRNA and stem cell gene expression data in germ cell tumors highlights characteristic differences by tumor histology

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          Abstract

          Background

          Alterations in methylation patterns, miRNA expression, and stem cell protein expression occur in germ cell tumors (GCTs). Our goal is to integrate molecular data across platforms to identify molecular signatures in the three main histologic subtypes of Type I and Type II GCTs (yolk sac tumor (YST), germinoma, and teratoma).

          Methods

          We included 39 GCTs and 7 paired adjacent tissue samples in the current analysis. Molecular data available for analysis include DNA methylation data (Illumina GoldenGate Cancer Methylation Panel I), miRNA expression (NanoString nCounter miRNA platform), and stem cell factor expression (SABiosciences Human Embryonic Stem Cell Array). We evaluated the cross platform correlations of the data features using the Maximum Information Coefficient (MIC).

          Results

          In analyses of individual datasets, differences were observed by tumor histology. Germinomas had higher expression of transcription factors maintaining stemness, while YSTs had higher expression of cytokines, endoderm and endothelial markers. We also observed differences in miRNA expression, with miR-371-5p, miR-122, miR-302a, miR-302d, and miR-373 showing elevated expression in one or more histologic subtypes. Using the MIC, we identified correlations across the data features, including six major hubs with higher expression in YST (LEFTY1, LEFTY2, miR302b, miR302a, miR 126, and miR 122) compared with other GCT.

          Conclusions

          While prognosis for GCTs is overall favorable, many patients experience resistance to chemotherapy, relapse and/or long term adverse health effects following treatment. Targeted therapies, based on integrated analyses of molecular tumor data such as that presented here, may provide a way to secure high cure rates while reducing unintended health consequences.

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          Most cited references72

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          Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing

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            Direct multiplexed measurement of gene expression with color-coded probe pairs.

            We describe a technology, the NanoString nCounter gene expression system, which captures and counts individual mRNA transcripts. Advantages over existing platforms include direct measurement of mRNA expression levels without enzymatic reactions or bias, sensitivity coupled with high multiplex capability, and digital readout. Experiments performed on 509 human genes yielded a replicate correlation coefficient of 0.999, a detection limit between 0.1 fM and 0.5 fM, and a linear dynamic range of over 500-fold. Comparison of the NanoString nCounter gene expression system with microarrays and TaqMan PCR demonstrated that the nCounter system is more sensitive than microarrays and similar in sensitivity to real-time PCR. Finally, a comparison of transcript levels for 21 genes across seven samples measured by the nCounter system and SYBR Green real-time PCR demonstrated similar patterns of gene expression at all transcript levels.
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              miRDB: a microRNA target prediction and functional annotation database with a wiki interface.

              MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that are involved in the regulation of thousands of gene targets. Recent studies indicate that miRNAs are likely to be master regulators of many important biological processes. Due to their functional importance, miRNAs are under intense study at present, and many studies have been published in recent years on miRNA functional characterization. The rapid accumulation of miRNA knowledge makes it challenging to properly organize and present miRNA function data. Although several miRNA functional databases have been developed recently, this remains a major bioinformatics challenge to miRNA research community. Here, we describe a new online database system, miRDB, on miRNA target prediction and functional annotation. Flexible web search interface was developed for the retrieval of target prediction results, which were generated with a new bioinformatics algorithm we developed recently. Unlike most other miRNA databases, miRNA functional annotations in miRDB are presented with a primary focus on mature miRNAs, which are the functional carriers of miRNA-mediated gene expression regulation. In addition, a wiki editing interface was established to allow anyone with Internet access to make contributions on miRNA functional annotation. This is a new attempt to develop an interactive community-annotated miRNA functional catalog. All data stored in miRDB are freely accessible at http://mirdb.org.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                612-625-4232 , poynt006@umn.edu
                bestra1@stolaf.edu
                kats@umn.edu
                hoot0006@umn.edu
                leesx002@umn.edu
                rossx014@umn.edu
                tolar003@umn.edu
                Journal
                BMC Cancer
                BMC Cancer
                BMC Cancer
                BioMed Central (London )
                1471-2407
                23 October 2015
                23 October 2015
                2015
                : 15
                : 769
                Affiliations
                [ ]Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
                [ ]Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
                [ ]Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
                [ ]Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
                [ ]Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
                [ ]Corresponding address: 420 Delaware St SE MMC 715, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
                Article
                1796
                10.1186/s12885-015-1796-6
                4619074
                23fe1550-aa32-4c85-8dcd-50b8ef21a425
                © Poynter et al. 2015

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 30 December 2014
                : 15 October 2015
                Categories
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2015

                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                pediatric cancer,germ cell tumors,mirna,methylation,stem cell
                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                pediatric cancer, germ cell tumors, mirna, methylation, stem cell

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