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      Melatonin Inhibits the Proliferation of Gastric Cancer Cells Through Regulating the miR-16-5p-Smad3 Pathway

      1 , 2 , 3
      DNA and Cell Biology
      Mary Ann Liebert Inc

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          A Brief Review on the Mechanisms of miRNA Regulation

          MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, endogenously-initiated non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally control gene expression via either translational repression or mRNA degradation. It is becoming evident that miRNAs are playing significant roles in regulatory mechanisms operating in various organisms, including developmental timing and host-pathogen interactions as well as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis. Likewise, as a regulatory element, miRNA itself is coordinatively modulated by multifarious effectors when carrying out basic functions, such as SNP, miRNA editing, methylation and circadian clock. This mini-review summarized the current understanding of interactions between miRNAs and their targets, including recent advancements in deciphering the regulatory mechanisms that control the biogenesis and functionality of miRNAs in various cellular processes.
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            Is Open Access

            Melatonin, a Full Service Anti-Cancer Agent: Inhibition of Initiation, Progression and Metastasis

            There is highly credible evidence that melatonin mitigates cancer at the initiation, progression and metastasis phases. In many cases, the molecular mechanisms underpinning these inhibitory actions have been proposed. What is rather perplexing, however, is the large number of processes by which melatonin reportedly restrains cancer development and growth. These diverse actions suggest that what is being observed are merely epiphenomena of an underlying more fundamental action of melatonin that remains to be disclosed. Some of the arresting actions of melatonin on cancer are clearly membrane receptor-mediated while others are membrane receptor-independent and involve direct intracellular actions of this ubiquitously-distributed molecule. While the emphasis of melatonin/cancer research has been on the role of the indoleamine in restraining breast cancer, this is changing quickly with many cancer types having been shown to be susceptible to inhibition by melatonin. There are several facets of this research which could have immediate applications at the clinical level. Many studies have shown that melatonin’s co-administration improves the sensitivity of cancers to inhibition by conventional drugs. Even more important are the findings that melatonin renders cancers previously totally resistant to treatment sensitive to these same therapies. Melatonin also inhibits molecular processes associated with metastasis by limiting the entrance of cancer cells into the vascular system and preventing them from establishing secondary growths at distant sites. This is of particular importance since cancer metastasis often significantly contributes to death of the patient. Another area that deserves additional consideration is related to the capacity of melatonin in reducing the toxic consequences of anti-cancer drugs while increasing their efficacy. Although this information has been available for more than a decade, it has not been adequately exploited at the clinical level. Even if the only beneficial actions of melatonin in cancer patients are its ability to attenuate acute and long-term drug toxicity, melatonin should be used to improve the physical wellbeing of the patients. The experimental findings, however, suggest that the advantages of using melatonin as a co-treatment with conventional cancer therapies would far exceed improvements in the wellbeing of the patients.
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              Changing Trends in Stomach Cancer Throughout the World.

              The paper aims to discuss the global trends in gastric cancer incidence in relation to important factors involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                DNA and Cell Biology
                DNA and Cell Biology
                Mary Ann Liebert Inc
                1044-5498
                1557-7430
                March 2018
                March 2018
                : 37
                : 3
                : 244-252
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yi Chang, China.
                [2 ]Operating Room, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yi Chang, China.
                [3 ]Gynecology Department, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yi Chang, China.
                Article
                10.1089/dna.2017.4040
                2421cbb9-9365-4f14-890c-836091a8bb9b
                © 2018

                http://www.liebertpub.com/nv/resources-tools/text-and-data-mining-policy/121/

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