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      Reforma de sistemas de servicios de salud y equidad en América Latina y el Caribe: algunas lecciones de los años 80 y 90 Translated title: Health systems reform and equity in Latin America and the Caribbean: lessons from the 1980s and 1990s

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          Abstract

          Este ensayo propone una revisión de la cuestión equidad y reformas en América Latina y el Caribe en el contexto de cambios de las dos últimas décadas, dando énfasis a la discusión de la reforma de los sistemas de servicios de salud. La coyuntura económica, política y social de los críticos años 70 fue ampliamente favorable a los cortes en el gasto público, sobre todo en el ámbito social, y a la reorganización de servicios de salud bajo una perspectiva economicista, pragmática y restrictiva. El balance de la situación económica y social latinoamericana es impactantemente negativo, e incluso los esfuerzos para recuperar los estragos de los años 80 no tuvieron mucho éxito en los 90. Las reformas implementadas en algunos países confirman la difusión de una agenda común, adaptada a las condiciones nacionales, siendo las opciones más radicales de adhesión al nuevo modelo reformista las que presentan peor impacto en términos de equidad. Algunos resultados positivos de estos procesos se diluyen en los nuevos problemas suscitados por las propias reformas. La superación de las desigualdades, sin embargo, todavía es una meta distante.

          Translated abstract

          This essay proposes a review of the issues of equity and reform in Latin America and the Caribbean in the context of changes in recent decades, emphasizing the discussion of health systems reform. The economic, political, and social context prevailing in the critical 1970s extensively favored budget cuts for public expenditures, cost containment, changes in the health sector power structure, and health services reorganization from an 'economicist', pragmatic, and restrictive perspective. An inventory of the Latin American economic and social situation is markedly negative, and efforts to recover from the damage done in the 1980s were largely unsuccessful in the 1990s. The reforms implemented in some paradigmatic countries (Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Argentina, and Brazil), in light of their specific characteristics, demonstrate the dissemination of a common agenda, adapted to the various national conditions. Some positive results of these processes were diluted in new problems caused by the reforms themselves, especially in countries with more radical adherence to the new reformist model; meanwhile, in the country where the public, universal system based on solidarity was most consolidated, the management changes have obtained the best results. However, overcoming inequalities is still a distant goal.

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          Most cited references113

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          World Development Report 1993

          (1993)
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            Cidadania e justiça

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro )
                1678-4464
                August 2002
                : 18
                : 4
                : 905-925
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2002000400002
                10.1590/S0102-311X2002000400002
                24453f6f-acb4-40a9-9222-fc925216b48d

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-311X&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Equity,Health System,Health Services,Health Sector Reform,Equidad,Sistema de Salud,Servicios de Salud,Reforma del Sector Salud

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