A new species of subgenus Neodoryctes Szépligeti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Doryctes (Neodoryctes) henanensis Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., is described and illustrated. This species is associated with Pterolophia sp. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a twig-boring pest of Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Hert. et Vent. (Moraceae), in Henan (Central China). A key to the Palaearctic species of the subgenus Neodoryctes is provided.