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      Predictors of muscle strength in older individuals Translated title: PREDITORES DE FORÇA MUSCULAR EM IDOSOS

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          Abstract

          PURPOSE: To analyze possible relationships between load, body mass and lean body mass in an effort to provide norm-referenced standards for the one repetition maximum test and to predict whole body muscle strength (WBMS) in older individuals. METHODS: We measured body mass, lean body mass and the one repetition maximum (1RM) test in different exercises in 189 older men and women aged 61 to 82 years. Whole body muscle strength (WBMS) was calculated as the sum of loads of the different exercises. RESULTS: For women, the inclusion of body mass or lean body mass increased the R2 from 0.41 to 0.82, and yielded the following equation: WBMS = 75.788 + (2.288 × load in kg of latissimus pull down) + (0.799 × lean body mass in kg). For men, the inclusion of either body mass (WBMS = 290.33 - [3.140 × age in years] + [1.236 × body mass in kg] + [1.549 × load in kg of leg press]) or, in particular, lean body mass (WBMS = 343.25 - [3.298 × age in years] + [.415 × lean body mass in kg] + [1.737 × load in kg of leg press]) decreased the standard error of the estimate. CONCLUSION: Our data support the idea that load correlates with body mass and lean body mass and that the load used for a specific exercise is significantly associated with WBMS, thereby permitting the development of a predictive model of WBMS with increased accuracy.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: Analisar as relações entre carga, massa corporal e massa magra na tentativa de fornecer normas padrão de referencia para o teste de uma repetição máxima e predizer a forca muscular corporal em idosos. MÉTODOS: A massa corporal, a massa magra e o teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM) foram medidos em 189 idosos com idade entre 61 e 82 anos. A forca muscular corporal (FMC) foi calculada como a somatória das cargas dos diferentes exercícios. RESULTADOS: Para mulheres, a inclusão da massa corporal ou da massa magra aumentou o R2 de 0.41 para 0.82, e resultou na equação: FMC = 75.788 + (2.288 × carga em kg para o puxador) + (0.799 × massa magra em kg). Para homens, a inclusão da massa corporal (FMC = 290.33 - [3.140 × idade em anos] + [1.236 × massa corporal em kg] + [1.549 × carga em kg para o leg press]) ou da massa magra (FMC = 343.25 - [3.298 × idade em anos] + [.415 × massa magra em kg] + [1.737 × carga em kg para o leg press]) diminuiu o erro padrão da estimativa. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados suportam a ideia de que a carga correlaciona-se com a massa corporal e massa magra, e que a carga empregada em determinado exercício está significativamente associada com a forca muscular corporal. Portanto, isso permite o desenvolvimento de um modelo preditivo de forca muscular corporal com substancial acurácia.

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          Most cited references15

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          Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association.

          To issue a recommendation on the types and amounts of physical activity needed to improve and maintain health in older adults. A panel of scientists with expertise in public health, behavioral science, epidemiology, exercise science, medicine, and gerontology. The expert panel reviewed existing consensus statements and relevant evidence from primary research articles and reviews of the literature. After drafting a recommendation for the older adult population and reviewing drafts of the Updated Recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the American Heart Association (AHA) for Adults, the panel issued a final recommendation on physical activity for older adults. The recommendation for older adults is similar to the updated ACSM/AHA recommendation for adults, but has several important differences including: the recommended intensity of aerobic activity takes into account the older adult's aerobic fitness; activities that maintain or increase flexibility are recommended; and balance exercises are recommended for older adults at risk of falls. In addition, older adults should have an activity plan for achieving recommended physical activity that integrates preventive and therapeutic recommendations. The promotion of physical activity in older adults should emphasize moderate-intensity aerobic activity, muscle-strengthening activity, reducing sedentary behavior, and risk management.
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            Physical activity and health: report of the Surgeon General

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              Physiopathological mechanism of sarcopenia.

              Y Boirie (2009)
              The aetiology of sarcopenia is multifactorial but still poorly understood while the sequelae of this phenomenon, i.e. loss of independence and metabolic complications, represent a major public health. The most evident metabolic explanation for muscle decline in elderly people is an imbalance between protein synthesis abd breakdown rates but other causes like neurodegenerative processes, reduction in anabolic hormone productions or sensitivity such as insulin, growth and sex hormones, dysregulation of cytokine secretions, modification in the response to inflammatory events, inadequate nutritional intakes and sedentary lifestyle are involved. Consequently, the age-related loss of muscle mass could be counteracted by adequate metabolic interventions including nutritional intakes or exercise training. Recent observations clearly show that changes in quantitative as well as qualitative intakes of dietary protein are able to counteract some pathophysiological processes related to muscle loss progression. Other strategies including changes in daily protein pattern, the speed of protein digestion or specific amino acids supplementation may be beneficial to improve short term muscle anabolic response in elderly people. The beneficial impact of resistance or endurance training on muscle mass and function is highlighted in many studies suggesting that the potential anabolic response to exercise still remains despite a lesser metabolic response to nutrients. Thus a multimodal approach combining nutrition, exercise, hormones, specific anabolic drugs may an innovative treatment for limiting the development of sarcopenia with aging.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                medical
                MedicalExpress
                MedicalExpress (São Paulo, online)
                Mavera Edições Técnicas e Científicas Ltda
                2358-0429
                June 2016
                : 3
                : 3
                : M160309
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal de Goiás Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S2358-04292016000300009
                10.5935/MedicalExpress.2016.03.09
                24611536-fc20-473b-b4f0-ad144498b341

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=2358-0429&lng=en
                Categories
                HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

                Health & Social care
                Envelhecimento,forca muscular,exercícios com pesos,Aging,Muscle strength,Resistance exercise

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