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      Reproductive seasonality of Geophagus steindachneri Eigenmann & Hildebrand, 1922 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in a tropical mountain river

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          Abstract

          Reproductive seasonality in tropical freshwater fishes is strongly influenced by rainfall. In lowlands, floods spill laterally to floodplains and fishes usually breed during the flooding season. In mountain rivers, floods are sudden and flush out aquatic organisms. Fishes in mountain rivers usually breed during dry seasons, what has been hypothesized as a strategy to reduce mortality due to strong floods. If that is the case, mouth-brooding fishes should suffer less from strong floods and should have more prolonged breeding seasons in mountain rivers. Here we investigated the breeding activity of a mouth-brooding cichlid (Geophagus steindachneri) in a mountain river in Colombia using three kinds of evidence: monthly variation of gonad weight, macroscopic and histological observations of the gonads, and occurrence of mouth-brooding females. Analysis was made on adults captured monthly throughout a year. The results indicate that G. steindachneri breeds during the dry season in the mountain river studied. Female mouth brooding was related with a halt in the maturation of their ovaries. Other factors than the flushing-out effect of floods on offspring may be determining dry-season breeding of fishes in tropical mountain rivers.

          Translated abstract

          La estacionalidad reproductiva de los peces tropicales de agua dulce esta influida por los patrones de lluvia. En tierras bajas, las aguas se expanden hacia el plano de inundación y los peces generalmente se reproducen en aguas altas. En ríos de montaña las inundaciones son repentinas y arrastran a los organismos acuáticos. Los peces de ríos de montaña usualmente muestran que se reproducen durante las temporadas secas, posiblemente como estrategia para reducir la mortalidad producto de las inundaciones repentinas. Si esta hipótesis es cierta, los peces que realizan incubación bucal estarían menos afectados por las inundaciones repentinas y tendrían una temporada reproductiva más prolongada en los ríos de montaña. En este trabajos estudiamos la temporada reproductiva de un cíclido con incubación bucal (Geophagus steindachneri) en un río de montaña en Colombia, usando tres tipos de evidencia: la variación mensual del peso gonadal, observaciones macroscópicas e histológicas de las gónadas y la frecuencia de las hembras incubando. Los análisis se realizaron en adultos capturados mensualmente durante un año. Nuestros resultados indican que la temporada reproductiva de G. steindachneri en este río de montaña ocurre en la época seca. Se observó una pausa en el desarrollo ovárico durante la incubación bucal. Otros factores, diferentes al arrastre producido por las inundaciones, deben estar determinando la reproducción durante la temporada seca de los peces en los ríos de montaña.

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          Biostatistical Analysis

          Designed for one/two-semester, junior/graduate-level courses in Biostatistics, Biometry, Quantitative Biology, or Statistics, the latest edition of this best-selling biostatistics text is both comprehensive and easy to read. It provides a broad and practical overview of the statistical analysis methods used by researchers to collect, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from biological research data. The Fourth Edition can serve as either an introduction to the discipline for beginning students or a comprehensive procedural reference for today's practitioners.
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            Ecological studies in tropical fish communities

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              Patterns of variation in life history among South American fishes in seasonal environments

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ni
                Neotropical Ichthyology
                Neotrop. ichthyol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia (Maringá )
                1982-0224
                June 2015
                : 13
                : 2
                : 421-430
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Industrial de Santander Colombia
                [2 ] Universidad Industrial de Santander Colombia
                Article
                S1679-62252015000200421
                10.1590/1982-0224-20140091
                2467de7b-9ca2-43d6-a8cc-708f03e91f45

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1679-6225&lng=en
                Categories
                ZOOLOGY

                Animal science & Zoology
                Limnology,Parental care,Phenology,Rainfall,Spawning
                Animal science & Zoology
                Limnology, Parental care, Phenology, Rainfall, Spawning

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