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      2D+t Wavelet Domain Video Watermarking

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      Advances in Multimedia
      Hindawi Limited

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          Abstract

          A novel watermarking framework for scalable coded video that improves the robustness against quality scalable compression is presented in this paper. Unlike the conventional spatial-domain (t + 2D) water-marking scheme where the motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) is performed on the spatial frame-wise video data to decompose the video, the proposed framework applies the MCTF in the wavelet domain (2D + t) to generate the coefficients to embed the watermark. Robustness performances against scalable content adaptation, such as Motion JPEG 2000, MC-EZBC, or H.264-SVC, are reviewed for various combinations of motion compensated 2D + t + 2D using the proposed framework. The MCTF is improved by modifying the update step to follow the motion trajectory in the hierarchical temporal decomposition by using direct motion vector fields in the update step and implied motion vectors in the prediction step. The results show smaller embedding distortion in terms of both peak signal to noise ratio and flickering metrics compared to frame-by-frame video watermarking while the robustness against scalable compression is improved by using 2D + t over the conventional t + 2D domain video watermarking, particularly for blind watermarking schemes where the motion is estimated from the watermarked video.

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          Most cited references10

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          Watermarking of uncompressed and compressed video

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            Improved wavelet-based watermarking through pixel-wise masking.

            A watermarking algorithm operating in the wavelet domain is presented. Performance improvement with respect to existing algorithms is obtained by means of a new approach to mask the watermark according to the characteristics of the human visual system (HVS). In contrast to conventional methods operating in the wavelet domain, masking is accomplished pixel by pixel by taking into account the texture and the luminance content of all the image subbands. The watermark consists of a pseudorandom sequence which is adaptively added to the largest detail bands. As usual, the watermark is detected by computing the correlation between the watermarked coefficients and the watermarking code, and the detection threshold is chosen in such a way that the knowledge of the watermark energy used in the embedding phase is not needed, thus permitting one to adapt it to the image at hand. Experimental results and comparisons with other techniques operating in the wavelet domain prove the effectiveness of the new algorithm.
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              Motion-compensated 3-D subband coding of video.

              This paper describes a video coding system based on motion-compensated three-dimensional (3-D) subband/wavelet coding (MC-3DSBC), which can overcome the limits of both 3-D SBC and MC prediction-based coding. In this new system, spatio-temporal subbands are generated by MC temporal analysis and a spatial wavelet transform, and then encoded by 3-D subband-finite state scalar quantization (3DSB-FSSQ). The rate allocation from the GOP level to each class of subbands is optimized by utilizing the structural property of MC-3DSBC that additive superposition approximately holds for both rate and distortion. The proposed video coding system is applied to several test video clips. Its performance exceeds that of both a known MPEG-1 implementation and a similar subband MC predictive coder while maintaining modest computational complexity and memory size.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Advances in Multimedia
                Advances in Multimedia
                Hindawi Limited
                1687-5680
                1687-5699
                2012
                2012
                : 2012
                :
                : 1-19
                Article
                10.1155/2012/973418
                2483bcc1-a747-47b4-9f30-2f8cb6c7da87
                © 2012

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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