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      Measurable residual disease monitoring by NGS before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in AML

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          Abstract

          Molecular measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment is not established in approximately 60 percent of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients due to the lack of suitable markers for quantitative real-time PCR. To overcome this limitation we established an error-corrected next-generation-sequencing (NGS) MRD approach which can be applied to any somatic gene mutation. The clinical significance of this approach was evaluated in 116 AML patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) in complete morphologic remission (CR). Targeted resequencing at the time of diagnosis identified a suitable mutation in 93 percent of the patients covering 24 different genes. MRD was measured in CR samples from peripheral blood or bone marrow before alloHCT and identified 12 patients with persistence of an ancestral clone (variant allele frequency, VAF >5%). The remaining 96 patients formed the final cohort of which 45% were MRD positive (median VAF 0.33, range 0.016-4.91%). In competing risk analysis cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was higher in MRD positive than negative patients (HR 5.58, P<0.001, 5-year CIR 66 vs 17%), while non-relapse mortality (NRM) was not significantly different (HR 0.60, P=0.47). In multivariate analysis MRD positivity was an independent negative predictor of CIR (HR 5.68, P<0.001) besides FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutation status at the time of diagnosis, and of overall survival (OS) (HR 3.0, P=0.004) besides conditioning regimen, TP53 and KRAS mutation status. In conclusion, NGS-based MRD is widely applicable to AML patients, highly predictive of relapse and survival, and may help refining transplant and posttransplant management in AML patients.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Blood
          Blood
          American Society of Hematology
          0006-4971
          1528-0020
          October 18 2018
          October 18 2018
          October 18 2018
          September 06 2018
          : 132
          : 16
          : 1703-1713
          Article
          10.1182/blood-2018-02-829911
          7116653
          30190321
          24923876-f672-48ec-a7e8-bd0d72d8df63
          © 2018
          History

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