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      Evolución temporal de la mortalidad prematura por causas externas en Chile entre 1997-2014 Translated title: Temporal trend of premature mortality for external causes in Chile between 1997-2014

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Fundamentos: Actualmente existe un desplazamiento de las causas de mortalidad hacia las enfermedades no transmisibles y causas externas. Sin embargo, no hay estudios actualizados sobre la tendencia de la mortalidad prematura por causas externas (MPCE) en Chile y sus variables sociodemográficas. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la tendencia de la MPCE en Chile entre 1997-2014 y analizar su distribución según variables sociodemográficas. Métodos: Estudio ecológico mixto. Se utilizó la causa de muerte y los datos demográficos de las bases de mortalidad y estimaciones de población oficiales del gobierno de Chile. Se consideró la MPCE y las causas específicas principales (accidentes de tránsito, lesiones autoinflingidas y agresiones) en la población entre 15-64 años. Se estimaron tasas anuales crudas y ajustadas (método directo) entre 1997-2014. Se evaluó la tendencia de las tasas ajustadas utilizando regresión de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Hubo 102.559 muertes por causas externas durante el período estudiado (22,1% de la mortalidad total). Los casos se concentraron en hombres (85,3%), en el grupo de 25-44 años (44,8%) y en el nivel de instrucción básico-sin instrucción (48,4%). La tendencia de la MPCE disminuyó significativamente en la población general (β =-1,18x100.000 habs. IC95%:-1,58;-0,78) y en hombres (β=-2,25x100.000 habs. IC95%:-2,79;-1,7). En mujeres no hubo cambios significativos en la MPCE, no obstante, se observó un aumento en la MP por agresiones (β=0,03x100.000 habs. IC95%:0,002;0,05). Conclusiones: Durante el período de estudio se pudo observar una disminución de la MPCE, especialmente la causada por accidentes de tránsito. Sin embargo, no se ha logrado reducir en mujeres, alertando el aumento en la MP por agresiones en este grupo.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Background: Currently, there is a change in the causes of mortality towards noncommunicable diseases and external causes. However, there are no updated studies on the trend of premature mortality due to external causes (PMEC) in Chile and the underlying sociodemographic variables. The objective of this study was to evaluate the trend of PMEC in Chile between 1997-2014 and analyze its distribution according to sociodemographic variables. Methods: Ecological mixed study. The cause of death and demographic data of mortality databases and official population estimates of the government of Chile were used. The PMEC and main subcauses (traffic accidents, self-inflicted injuries and aggressions) were considered in the population between 15-64 years. Annual crudes and adjusted rates (direct method) were estimated between 1997-2014. The trend of adjusted rates was evaluated using Prais-Winsten regression. Results: There were 102.559 deaths from external causes during the period studied (22.1% of total mortality). The cases were concentrated in men (85.3%), in the group of 25-44 years (44.8%) and at the basic instruction level-without instruction (48,4%). The PMEC trend decreased significantly in general population (β=-1.18x100,000 inhab., 95%CI: -1.58,-0.78) and men (β=-2.25x100,000 inhab. 95%CI: -2.79;-1.7). In women, there were no significant changes in PMEC, however an increase in PM due to aggressions was observed (β=0.03x100,000 inhab. 95%CI: 0.002,0.05). Conclusions: During the study period, a decrease in MPCE could be observed, especially that caused by traffic accidents. However, it has not been possible to reduce in women, alerting the increase in MP due to aggressions.

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          Leading causes of unintentional and intentional injury mortality: United States, 2000-2009.

          We have described national trends for the 5 leading external causes of injury mortality. We used negative binomial regression and annual underlying cause-of-death data for US residents for 2000 through 2009. Mortality rates for unintentional poisoning, unintentional falls, and suicide increased by 128%, 71%, and 15%, respectively. The unintentional motor vehicle traffic crash mortality rate declined 25%. Suicide ranked first as a cause of injury mortality, followed by motor vehicle traffic crashes, poisoning, falls, and homicide. Females had a lower injury mortality rate than did males. The adjusted fall mortality rate displayed a positive age gradient. Blacks and Hispanics had lower adjusted motor vehicle traffic crash and suicide mortality rates and higher adjusted homicide rates than did Whites, and a lower unadjusted total injury mortality rate. Mortality rates for suicide, poisoning, and falls rose substantially over the past decade. Suicide has surpassed motor vehicle traffic crashes as the leading cause of injury mortality. Comprehensive traffic safety measures have successfully reduced the national motor vehicle traffic crash mortality rate. Similar efforts will be required to diminish the burden of other injury.
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            Mortality from external causes in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sites

            Background Mortality from external causes, of all kinds, is an important component of overall mortality on a global basis. However, these deaths, like others in Africa and Asia, are often not counted or documented on an individual basis. Overviews of the state of external cause mortality in Africa and Asia are therefore based on uncertain information. The INDEPTH Network maintains longitudinal surveillance, including cause of death, at population sites across Africa and Asia, which offers important opportunities to document external cause mortality at the population level across a range of settings. Objective To describe patterns of mortality from external causes at INDEPTH Network sites across Africa and Asia, according to the WHO 2012 verbal autopsy (VA) cause categories. Design All deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with VA interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provide person-time denominators for mortality rates. Results A total of 5,884 deaths due to external causes were documented over 11,828,253 person-years. Approximately one-quarter of those deaths were to children younger than 15 years. Causes of death were dominated by childhood drowning in Bangladesh, and by transport-related deaths and intentional injuries elsewhere. Detailed mortality rates are presented by cause of death, age group, and sex. Conclusions The patterns of external cause mortality found here generally corresponded with expectations and other sources of information, but they fill some important gaps in population-based mortality data. They provide an important source of information to inform potentially preventive intervention designs.
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              Premature mortality in Belgium in 1993-2009: leading causes, regional disparities and 15 years change

              Background Reducing premature mortality is a crucial public health objective. After a long gap in the publication of Belgian mortality statistics, this paper presents the leading causes and the regional disparities in premature mortality in 2008–2009 and the changes since 1993. Methods All deaths occurring in the periods 1993–1999 and 2003–2009, in people aged 1–74 residing in Belgium were included. The cause of death and population data for Belgium were provided by Statistics Belgium , while data for international comparisons were extracted from the WHO mortality database. Age-adjusted mortality rates and Person Year of Life Lost (PYLL) were calculated. The Rate Ratios were computed for regional and international comparisons, using the region or country with the lowest rate as reference; statistical significance was tested assuming a Poisson distribution of the number of deaths. Results The burden of premature mortality is much higher in men than in women (respectively 42% and 24% of the total number of deaths). The 2008–9 burden of premature mortality in Belgium reaches 6410 and 3440 PYLL per 100,000, respectively in males and females, ranking 4th and 3rd worst within the EU15. The disparities between Belgian regions are substantial: for overall premature mortality, respective excess of 40% and 20% among males, 30% and 20% among females are observed in Wallonia and Brussels as compared to Flanders. Also in cause specific mortality, Wallonia experiences a clear disadvantage compared to Flanders. Brussels shows an intermediate level for natural causes, but ranks differently for external causes, with less road accidents and suicide and more non-transport accidents than in the other regions. Age-adjusted premature mortality rates decreased by 29% among men and by 22% among women over a period of 15 years. Among men, circulatory diseases death rates decreased the fastest (-43.4%), followed by the neoplasms (-26.6%), the other natural causes (-21.0%) and the external causes (-20.8%). The larger decrease in single cause is observed for stomach cancer (-48.4%), road accident (-44%), genital organs (-40.4%) and lung (-34.6%) cancers. On the opposite, liver cancer death rate increased by 16%. Among female, the most remarkable feature is the 50.2% increase in the lung cancer death rate. For most other causes, the decline is slightly weaker than in men. Conclusion Despite a steady decrease over time, international comparisons of the premature mortality burden highlight the room for improvement in Belgium. The disadvantage in Wallonia and to some extent in Brussels suggest the role of socio-economic factors; well- designed health policies could contribute to reduce the regional disparities. The increase in female lung cancer mortality is worrying.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Rev. Esp. Salud Publica
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                2019
                : 93
                : e201905028
                Affiliations
                [1] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Chile
                [2] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Instituto de Salud Poblacional Chile
                Article
                S1135-57272019000100411 S1135-5727(19)09300000411
                24be8fcc-5113-468b-a1fb-0db1ab061835

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 May 2019
                : 22 January 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 17, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Public Health

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                Originales

                Chile,Homicides,Suicidios,Causa de muerte,Premature mortality,Accidente de tránsito,Homicidios,Death causes,Mortalidad prematura,Self-injuries,Traffic accident

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