EVALUACIÓN DEL ENSAMBLAJE DE MURCIÉLAGOS EN ÁREAS SOMETIDAS A REGENERACIÓN NATURAL Y A RESTAURACIÓN POR MEDIO DE PLANTACIONES DE ALISO

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Abstract

En tres áreas sometidas a diferentes procesos de restauración, se estudió la diversidad y la estructura funcional de la comunidad de quirópteros. Dos de las áreas estuvieron bajo condiciones de restauración natural y la otra sometida a restauración por medio de plantaciones de Aliso (Alnus acuminata). El muestreo se hizo bajo un diseño por bloques al azar. En cada unidad se realizó un esfuerzo de muestreo de 120 horas-red. La diversidad de murciélagos se analizó mediante gráficos de abundancias relativas y la estructura funcional por medio de categorías tróficas. Los resultados sugieren que los bosques regenerados naturalmente tienen una adecuada oferta de hábitat y de recursos. Condiciones que permiten el sostenimiento de una comunidad de murciélagos diversa y en equilibrio, dentro de los límites ecológicos que plantea la altura de la zona. Por otro lado, el área sometida a restauración con plantaciones forestales, aparentemente, no oferta los suficientes nichos para sostener una comunidad de murciélagos acorde con lo esperado para hábitats inalterados a esta altura.

Translated abstract

In three areas subjected to different restoration processes, the diversity and the functional structure of the bat community was studied. Two of the areas were under natural restoration conditions and the other one was subjected to restoration by Alder (Alnus acuminata) plantations. The samples were taken using the randomized blocks design. In each unit there were 120 net-hours of effort of sampling. The bat diversity was analyzed by means of graphics of relative abundances, and the functional structure was analyzed with trophic categories. The results suggest that the naturally regenerated forests have an appropriate habitat and resource offer, the conditions that allow the maintenance of a diverse and balanced community of bats, within the ecological limits outlined by the altitude of the area. On the other hand, the area subjected to restoration with forest plantations seemingly, doesn’t offer enough niches to sustain a community of bats with what is expected for unaffected habitats at this altitude.

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The value of primary, secondary, and plantation forests for a neotropical herpetofauna.

Marinus Hoogmoed, Alan Gardner, Olimpio Junior … (2007)

Plantation forests and second-growth forests are becoming dominant components of many tropical forest landscapes. Yet there is little information available concerning the consequences of different forestry options for biodiversity conservation in the tropics. We sampled the leaf-litter herpetofauna of primary, secondary, and Eucalyptus plantation forests in the Jari River area of northeastern Brazilian Amazonia. We used four complementary sampling techniques, combined samples from 2 consecutive years, and collected 1739 leaf-litter amphibians (23 species) and 1937 lizards (30 species). We analyzed the data for differences among forest types regarding patterns of alpha and beta diversity, species-abundance distributions, and community structure. Primary rainforest harbored significantly more species, but supported a similar abundance of amphibians and lizards compared with adjacent areas of second-growth forest or plantations. Plantation forests were dominated by wide-ranging habitat generalists. Secondary forest faunas contained a number of species characteristic of primary forest habitat. Amphibian communities in secondary forests and Eucalyptus plantations formed a nested subset of primary forest species, whereas the species composition of the lizard community in plantations was distinct, and was dominated by open-area species. Although plantation forests are relatively impoverished, naturally regenerating forests can help mitigate some negative effects of deforestation for herpetofauna. Nevertheless, secondary forest does not provide a substitute for primary forest, and in the absence of further evidence from older successional stands, we caution against the optimistic claim that natural forest regeneration in abandoned lands will provide refuge for the many species that are currently threatened by deforestation.