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      Microbial enzymes: industrial progress in 21st century

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          Biocatalytic potential of microorganisms have been employed for centuries to produce bread, wine, vinegar and other common products without understanding the biochemical basis of their ingredients. Microbial enzymes have gained interest for their widespread uses in industries and medicine owing to their stability, catalytic activity, and ease of production and optimization than plant and animal enzymes. The use of enzymes in various industries (e.g., food, agriculture, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals) is increasing rapidly due to reduced processing time, low energy input, cost effectiveness, nontoxic and eco-friendly characteristics. Microbial enzymes are capable of degrading toxic chemical compounds of industrial and domestic wastes (phenolic compounds, nitriles, amines etc.) either via degradation or conversion. Here in this review, we highlight and discuss current technical and scientific involvement of microorganisms in enzyme production and their present status in worldwide enzyme market.

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          Most cited references109

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          Biomedical Applications of Biodegradable Polymers.

          Utilization of polymers as biomaterials has greatly impacted the advancement of modern medicine. Specifically, polymeric biomaterials that are biodegradable provide the significant advantage of being able to be broken down and removed after they have served their function. Applications are wide ranging with degradable polymers being used clinically as surgical sutures and implants. In order to fit functional demand, materials with desired physical, chemical, biological, biomechanical and degradation properties must be selected. Fortunately, a wide range of natural and synthetic degradable polymers has been investigated for biomedical applications with novel materials constantly being developed to meet new challenges. This review summarizes the most recent advances in the field over the past 4 years, specifically highlighting new and interesting discoveries in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
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            Industrial biocatalysis today and tomorrow.

            The use of biocatalysis for industrial synthetic chemistry is on the verge of significant growth. Biocatalytic processes can now be carried out in organic solvents as well as aqueous environments, so that apolar organic compounds as well as water-soluble compounds can be modified selectively and efficiently with enzymes and biocatalytically active cells. As the use of biocatalysis for industrial chemical synthesis becomes easier, several chemical companies have begun to increase significantly the number and sophistication of the biocatalytic processes used in their synthesis operations.
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              Industrial enzyme applications.

              The effective catalytic properties of enzymes have already promoted their introduction into several industrial products and processes. Recent developments in biotechnology, particularly in areas such as protein engineering and directed evolution, have provided important tools for the efficient development of new enzymes. This has resulted in the development of enzymes with improved properties for established technical applications and in the production of new enzymes tailor-made for entirely new areas of application where enzymes have not previously been used.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                pk.mehta@tx.technion.ac.il
                Journal
                3 Biotech
                3 Biotech
                3 Biotech
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                2190-5738
                19 August 2016
                19 August 2016
                December 2016
                : 6
                : 2
                : 174
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Biochemistry, VP Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
                [2 ]Mill Hill Laboratory, Division of Structural Biology and Biophysics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
                [3 ]Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
                Article
                485
                10.1007/s13205-016-0485-8
                4991975
                28330071
                24eb876e-de52-46cb-a275-15748d44df75
                © The Author(s) 2016

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                : 8 April 2016
                : 1 August 2016
                Categories
                Review Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2016

                microorganisms,enzymes,bioconversion,application,industry
                microorganisms, enzymes, bioconversion, application, industry

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