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      TET enzymes, TDG and the dynamics of DNA demethylation

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      Nature
      Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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          Abstract

          DNA methylation has a profound impact on genome stability, transcription and development. Although enzymes that catalyse DNA methylation have been well characterized, those that are involved in methyl group removal have remained elusive, until recently. The transformative discovery that ten-eleven translocation (TET) family enzymes can oxidize 5-methylcytosine has greatly advanced our understanding of DNA demethylation. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine is a key nexus in demethylation that can either be passively depleted through DNA replication or actively reverted to cytosine through iterative oxidation and thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG)-mediated base excision repair. Methylation, oxidation and repair now offer a model for a complete cycle of dynamic cytosine modification, with mounting evidence for its significance in the biological processes known to involve active demethylation.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Nature
          Nature
          Springer Science and Business Media LLC
          0028-0836
          1476-4687
          October 2013
          October 23 2013
          October 2013
          : 502
          : 7472
          : 472-479
          Article
          10.1038/nature12750
          4046508
          24153300
          24ff0a9a-ae67-4b15-8a8c-3b81fad66318
          © 2013

          http://www.springer.com/tdm

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