Moritz U. G. Kraemer:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8838-7147
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole:
InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole:
SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole:
Writing - review & editing
Verity Hill:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3509-8146
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole:
SoftwareRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - review & editing
Christopher Ruis:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0977-5534
Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole:
SoftwareRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - review & editing
Simon Dellicour:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9558-1052
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: SoftwareRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole:
Writing - review & editing
Sumali Bajaj:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8313-819X
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole:
SoftwareRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - review & editing
John T. McCrone:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9846-8917
Role: MethodologyRole: Software
Guy Baele:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1915-7732
Role: Formal analysisRole: Writing - review & editing
Kris V. Parag:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7806-3605
Role: ValidationRole: Writing - review & editing
Anya Lindström Battle:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6356-4688
Role: InvestigationRole: SoftwareRole: Writing - review & editing
Bernardo Gutierrez:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9220-2739
Role: VisualizationRole: Writing - review & editing
Ben Jackson:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-0649
Role: ResourcesRole: Software
Rachel Colquhoun:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5577-9897
Role: Data curationRole: SoftwareRole: Writing - review & editing
Áine O’Toole:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8083-474X
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: ResourcesRole: Software
Brennan Klein:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8326-5044
Role: Formal analysisRole: SoftwareRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing
- original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
Alessandro Vespignani:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3419-4205
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing - review & editing
Erik Volz:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6268-8937
Role: Conceptualization
Nuno R. Faria:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9747-8822
Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - review
& editing
David M. Aanensen:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6688-0854
Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: Writing
- review & editing
Nicholas J. Loman:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9843-8988
Role: Data curationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole:
Supervision
Louis du Plessis:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0352-6289
Role: Writing - review & editing
Simon Cauchemez:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9186-4549
Role: Methodology
Andrew Rambaut:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4337-3707
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: MethodologyRole:
Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: Writing
- review & editing
Samuel V. Scarpino:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5716-2770
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole:
Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole:
VisualizationRole: Writing - review & editing
Oliver G. Pybus:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8797-2667
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
SupervisionRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
Journal ID (nlm-ta): Science
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Science
Journal ID (publisher-id): science
Journal ID (hwp): science
Title:
Science (New York, N.y.)
Publisher:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
ISSN
(Print):
0036-8075
ISSN
(Electronic):
1095-9203
Publication date
(Print, pub):
20
August
2021
Publication date
(Electronic):
22
July
2021
Publication date PMC-release: 22
July
2021
Volume: 373
Issue: 6557
Pages: 889-895
Affiliations
[1
]Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
[2
]Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
[3
]Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge,
UK.
[4
]Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium.
[5
]Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven,
3000 Leuven, Belgium.
[6
]MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Jameel Institute for Disease and
Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
[7
]Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
[8
]Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, USA.
[9
]Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo,
Sao Paulo, Brazil.
[10
]Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
[11
]Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield
Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
[12
]Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
[13
]Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS,
Paris, France.
[14
]Vermont Complex Systems Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA.
[15
]Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, USA.
[16
]Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College London,
London, UK.
Author notes
[†]
These authors contributed equally to this work.
[‡]
Consortium members and affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
abj0113
DOI: 10.1126/science.abj0113
PMC ID: 9269003
PubMed ID: 34301854
SO-VID: 251c6328-50b3-4c50-bddd-2d282dabf4a8
Copyright statement: Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association
for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed
under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).
License:
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original work is properly cited.
Funded by:
FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004211, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford;
