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      Aloe vera: Potential candidate in health management via modulation of biological activities

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          Abstract

          Treatment based on natural products is rapidly increasing worldwide due to the affordability and fewer side effects of such treatment. Various plants and the products derived from them are commonly used in primary health treatment, and they play a pivotal role in the treatment of diseases via modulation of biochemical and molecular pathways. Aloe vera, a succulent species, produces gel and latex, plays a therapeutic role in health management through antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities, and also offers a suitable alternative approach for the treatment of various types of diseases. In this review, we summarize the possible mechanism of action and the therapeutic implications of Aloe vera in health maintenance based on its modulation of various biological activities.

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          Aloe vera leaf gel: a review update

          T. Reynolds, A.C Dweck (1999)
          Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 68(1-3), 3-37
          Article 0 comments Cited 135 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Detection of nitrotyrosine in the diabetic plasma: evidence of oxidative stress.

            A Ceriello, E Motz, C Taboga … (2001)
            Oxidative stress plays an important role in diabetic vascular complications. It has been shown that an imbalance in the ratio of nitric oxide: superoxide anion, because of a prevalence of superoxide anion, leads to an alteration in vascular reactivity. In this condition peroxynitrite production, resulting from the reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide, could increase. Peroxynitrite is responsible for nitration of tyrosine residues in proteins. Therefore, the presence of nitrotyrosine in plasma proteins is considered indirect evidence of peroxynitrite production. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the presence of nitrotyrosine in the plasma of patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and to correlate its concentrations with the plasma concentrations of glucose and antioxidant defenses. A total of 40 Type II diabetic patients and 35 healthy subjects were enrolled, and glycaemia, plasma nitrotyrosine, total antioxidant parameter and glycated haemoglobin were measured. Nitrotyrosine was detected by ELISA with a detection limit of 10 nmol/l. Nitrotyrosine was found in the plasma of all diabetic patients (means +/- SD = 0.251 +/- 0.141 micromol/l), whereas it was not detectable in the plasma of healthy control subjects. Nitrotyrosine plasma values were correlated with plasma glucose concentrations (r = 0.38, p < 0.02) but not with total antioxidant parameter or glycated haemoglobin. Total antioxidant parameter was reduced in diabetic patients (p < 0.01). The presence of nitrotyrosine in the plasma of diabetic patients indicates that peroxynitrite is generated in diabetes, suggesting a possible involvement of peroxynitrite in the development of diabetic complications.
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              Anti-inflammatory effects of aloe vera gel in human colorectal mucosa in vitro.

              L. Langmead, R. J. Makins, D. S. Rampton (2004)
              Oral aloe vera gel is widely used by patients with inflammatory bowel disease and is under therapeutic evaluation for this condition. To assess the effects of aloe vera in vitro on the production of reactive oxygen metabolites, eicosanoids and interleukin-8, all of which may be pathogenic in inflammatory bowel disease. The anti-oxidant activity of aloe vera was assessed in two cell-free, radical-generating systems and by the chemiluminescence of incubated colorectal mucosal biopsies. Eicosanoid production by biopsies and interleukin-8 release by CaCo2 epithelial cells in the presence of aloe vera were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Aloe vera gel had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen metabolite production; 50% inhibition occurred at 1 in 1000 dilution in the phycoerythrin assay and at 1 in 10-50 dilution with biopsies. Aloe vera inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2 by 30% at 1 in 50 dilution (P = 0.03), but had no effect on thromboxane B2 production. The release of interleukin-8 by CaCo2 cells fell by 20% (P < 0.05) with aloe vera diluted at 1 in 100, but not at 1 in 10 or 1 in 1000 dilutions. The anti-inflammatory actions of aloe vera gel in vitro provide support for the proposal that it may have a therapeutic effect in inflammatory bowel disease.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Pharmacogn Rev
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Pharmacogn Rev
                Journal ID (publisher-id): PRev
                Title: Pharmacognosy Reviews
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0973-7847
                ISSN (Electronic): 0976-2787
                Publication date (Print): Jul-Dec 2015
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 18
                Pages: 120-126
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
                [2 ] Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
                [3 ] Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
                [4 ] Department of Pathology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Arshad H. Rahmani, Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: rehmani.arshad@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: PRev-9-120
                DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.162118
                PMC ID: 4557234
                PubMed ID: 26392709
                SO-VID: 2532ee70-88e7-4725-b6ea-ef4c2ce07618
                Copyright © Copyright: © Pharmacognosy Reviews
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 11 October 2014
                Date revision received : 10 December 2014
                Date accepted : 04 August 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: aloe vera,antimicrobial activities,antioxidant activities,antitumor activities,anti-inflammatotry effects biological activities
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: aloe vera, antimicrobial activities, antioxidant activities, antitumor activities, anti-inflammatotry effects biological activities

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