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      Estrategias en braquioplastia: incisión en T, anclaje dérmico y liposucción asociada. Cinco años de experiencia Translated title: Strategies in brachioplasty: T incision, dermal anchorage and associated liposuction. Five-year experience

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción y objetivo. El aumento constante de las consultas por flacidez braquial genera interés creciente en el perfeccionamiento de las técnicas para evitar las frecuentes complicaciones y los resultados insatisfactorios. El objetivo de este estudio es describir una variante de la tecnica de braquioplastia en T basada en un anclaje profundo y resistente como alternativa para disminuir complicaciones cicatriciales y analizar los resultados obtenidos con la misma. Material y método. Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo sobre 15 pacientes con flacidez braquial grados IIIA, IIIB y IIIC de la clasificación de Appelt entre junio 2015 y junio 2019. El diseño de la variante incluye incisión en T con área de desepidermización extensa, no menor a 1 cm de ancho, alredor de la incisión que servirá de anclaje dérmico en el cierre, facilitándolo y aportando un plano de resistencia superior a los ya descritos, y disminuyendo la tasa de complicaciones cicatriciales posteriores (dehiscencias posoperatorias y cicatrices inesteticas). Resultados. Todas las pacientes fueron mujeres, con edad media de 47 años. La causa más frecuente de flacidez fue el envejecimiento (60%) y la pérdida de peso posobesidad (40%); el grado de flacidez IIIA fue del 66% (10 casos), grado IIIB del 13% (2 casos) y grado IIIC del 20% (3 casos). En todos los casos realizamos desepidermización de un área alrededor de la incisión no menor de 1 cm que sirvió de anclaje dérmico en el cierre. El procedimiento fue bien tolerado en todos los casos. La tasa general de complicaciones fue del 20% (3 pacientes), 13.3% (2 pacientes) por dehiscencia en el punto de unión central y 6.6% (1 paciente) por cicatrices hipertróficas. Una paciente (6.6%) requirió revisión posterior. Conclusiones. El anclaje dérmico se convierte en una herramienta de gran valor en la braquioplastia para soporte en un área que carece de estructuras que cumplan dicha función. Recomendamos su uso siempre que sea posible ya que es de fácil ejecución, no incrementa el tiempo operatorio, facilita el cierre y disminuye la tasa de complicaciones cicatriciales.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background and objective. The constant rise in consultations for brachial flaccidity has generated a growing interest in perfecting the technique to avoid the frequent complications and unsatisfactory results. Our objective is to describe a variant of the of T-brachioplasty surgical technique based on a deep and resistant anchorage as an alternative to diminish scar complications and to analyze outcomes. Methods. Retrospective, observational and descriptive study that included 15 patients with brachial flaccidity grades IIIA, IIIB and IIIC according to the Appelt´s classification from June 2015 to June 2019 The design of this surgical variant includes a T-shaped incision with an area of deep de-epidermization of at least 1 cm width surrounding the incision that will act as dermal anchorage, facilitating closure and providing a better plane of resistance than the techniques previously described, which will decrease the rate of subsequent scar complications (postoperative dehiscence and non-esthetic scars). Results. All patients were female patients, 47 years old average. The most frequent cause of flaccidity was aging (60%) and post-obesity weight loss (40%); the IIIA grade of flaccidity was 66% (10 cases), the IIIB grade was 13% (2 cases), and the IIIC grade was 20% (3 cases). Surgical technique used in every case included a de-epidermization area of at least 1 cm surrounding the incision that acted as dermal anchorage at the time of closure. The procedure was well tolerated in every case. General complication rate was 20% (3 patients): 13% (2 patients) presented a dehiscence at the central T stitch and 6.6% (1 patient) developed hypertrophic scars. One patient (6.6%) required a surgical revision. Conclusions. Dermal anchorage is a tool of great value at the time of providing support in an area that lacks support structures. We recommend using this tool whenever possible considering it is easy to perform, does not demand longer surgical time, facilitates closure and reduces scar complications.

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          Most cited references26

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          Brachioplasty with superficial fascial system suspension.

          T Lockwood (1995)
          Although significant innovations in brachioplasty occurred in the 1970s, it remains an unpopular procedure. Current brachioplasty techniques are somewhat unpredictable and are commonly associated with significant untoward results. Recent anatomic studies demonstrate that in youth the posteromedial arm soft tissues are firmly suspended to a tough yet dynamic fascial system sling that ultimately gains its strength from the clavicular periosteum by means of the clavipectoral and axillary fasciae. Loosening of the connections of the arm superficial fascial system to the axillary fascia, as well as relaxation of the axillary fascia itself, with age, weight fluctuations, and gravitational pull yields a "loose hammock" effect, resulting in significant ptosis of the posteromedial arm. On the basis of this anatomic concept, the brachioplasty procedure was modified to provide secure anchoring of the arm flap to the axillary fascia along with strong superficial fascial system repair of incisions, reducing the risk of widening or migration of scars and unnatural contours. Five patients having brachioplasty with or without liposuction were followed for 6 to 12 months. The primary indication for surgery is moderate to severe skin laxity of the arms with or without associated arm fat deposits. Results were consistent, and complications were limited.
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            Classification of brachial ptosis: strategy for treatment.

            The author presents a clinical classification of brachial ptosis based on the amount of adipose tissue deposit and the degree of ptosis. This system offers guidelines for graduated treatment of fat deposit and brachial ptosis. Minor modifications to previous techniques are reported to keep the scar short, as low as possible, and not wide, and to avoid postoperative contour deformities. Five groups of upper arm problems are described, as follows: stage 1, patients with minimal fat deposit and no ptosis; stage 2a, patients with moderate fat deposit and grade 1 ptosis; stage 2b, patients with severe fat deposit and grade 2 ptosis; stage 3, patients with severe fat deposit and grade 3 ptosis; and stage 4, patients with minimal or no fat deposit and with grade 3 ptosis.
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              Rejuvenation of the upper arm.

              During the course of life, the upper arm demonstrates skin relaxation and fat deposits that become increasingly evident, particularly with age. However, the degree of skin ptosis and accumulation of subcutaneous fat varies from patient to patient. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate each patient individually, to inform the patient of the available options, and to tailor the procedure to his or her needs. We have described four categories of upper-arm problems. Patients with minimal to moderate subcutaneous fat and minimal skin laxity generally do well with circumferential lipectomy alone. With an increased amount of subcutaneous fat and more pronounced skin laxity, suction lipectomy in conjunction with a "ridge" provides good results, with a well hidden scar in the axilla. In the obese patient in whom skin laxity becomes much more noticeable after suction lipectomy, we recommend a purse-string closure of the modest brachioplasty incision to decrease the scar size. In those patients who have minimal fat but extensive skin laxity, a traditional brachioplasty cannot be avoided. Carefully selected and properly informed patients will result in an extremely high satisfaction rate. The techniques and guidelines described are designed to provide simple, easily performed procedures with minimal complications that safely and effectively rejuvenate the upper arm.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpil
                Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana
                Cir. plást. iberolatinoam.
                Sociedad Española de Cirugía Plástica, Reparadora y Estética (SECPRE) (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0376-7892
                1989-2055
                March 2021
                : 47
                : 1
                : 29-34
                Affiliations
                [1] Buenos Aires Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad de Buenos Aires orgdiv1Servicio de Cirugía Plástica orgdiv2Sector Internación Servicio de Cirugía Plástica Argentina
                [2] Buenos Aires Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad de Buenos Aires orgdiv1Servicio de Cirugía Plástica Argentina
                [3] Buenos Aires Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad de Buenos Aires orgdiv1Servicio de Cirugía Plástica Argentina
                Article
                S0376-78922021000100029 S0376-7892(21)04700100029
                10.4321/s0376-78922021000100005
                253721c6-56b1-4d1b-97dd-74ea3cfdfe21

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 November 2020
                : 25 July 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Estética

                Massive weight loss,Liposuction,Skin laxity,Body contouring,Brachioplasty,Pérdida masiva de peso,Lipoaspiración,Laxitud cutánea,Contorno corporal,Braquioplastia

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