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      Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B isolates from Cartagena, Colombia, 2012-2014 Translated title: Caracterización fenotípica y genotípica de aislamientos de Neisseria meningitidis, serogrupo B, procedentes de Cartagena, Colombia, 2012-2014

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          Abstract

          Introduction: Neisseria meningitidis is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis. In 2013, an increase in invasive disease caused by N. meningitidis serogroup B occurred in Cartagena, Colombia. Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize serogroup B isolates recovered from patients with meningococcal meningitis in Cartagena during 2012 and 2014. Materials and methods: Twenty-five isolates were collected through a national, laboratory-based surveillance, and phenotypic and genotypic characteristics were determined by serosubtyping, serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR). MLST data available were also used. Results: The B:10,15:nt phenotype, associated with clonal complex ST-41/44, was responsible for 68.0% of all cases. Conclusion: The clinical, epidemiological and molecular characterization of meningococcal disease is necessary for understanding the spread of virulent meningococcal clones and for facilitating the early detection of cases to reduce epidemic risks.

          Translated abstract

          Introducción. Neisseria meningitidis es una de las causas principales de meningitis bacteriana. En el 2013 se evidenció un aumento de la enfermedad invasiva causada por N. meningitidis, serogrupo B, en Cartagena, Colombia. Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar los aislamientos de N. meningitidis, serogrupo B, recuperados de pacientes con meningitis meningocócica en Cartagena durante el año 2013. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron 25 aislamientos a través de la vigilancia basada en el laboratorio nacional y se determinaron las características fenotípicas y genotípicas mediante serosubtipificación, serotipificación, pruebas de sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos, amplificación de secuencias de ADN repetidas (REP-PCR) y el uso de datos disponibles en el sitio de MLST. Resultados. El fenotipo B:10,15:nt, asociado con el complejo clonal ST-41/44, fue responsable del 68,0 % de todos los casos. Conclusión. La caracterización clínica, epidemiológica y molecular de los aislamientos causantes de enfermedad meningocócica es necesaria para el conocimiento de la propagación de clones virulentos y facilita la detección temprana de casos, lo que reduce los riesgos de epidemia.

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          Global epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease

          Neisseria meningitidis is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis globally and can also cause sepsis, pneumonia, and other manifestations. In countries with high endemic rates, the disease burden places an immense strain on the public health system. The worldwide epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) varies markedly by region and over time. This review summarizes the burden of IMD in different countries and identifies the highest-incidence countries where routine preventive programs against Neisseria meningitidis would be most beneficial in providing protection. Available epidemiological data from the past 20 years in World Health Organization and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control collections and published articles are included in this review, as well as direct communications with leading experts in the field. Countries were grouped into high-, moderate-, and low-incidence countries. The majority of countries in the high-incidence group are found in the African meningitis belt; many moderate-incidence countries are found in the European and African regions, and Australia, while low-incidence countries include many from Europe and the Americas. Priority countries for vaccine intervention are high- and moderate-incidence countries where vaccine-preventable serogroups predominate. Epidemiological data on burden of IMD are needed in countries where this is not known, particularly in South- East Asia and Eastern Mediterranean regions, so evidence-based decisions about the use of meningococcal vaccines can be made.
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            Epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Latin America: current situation and opportunities for prevention.

            Meningococcal disease continues to be a serious public health concern, being associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in many countries from Latin America. In addition to discussing recent changes in the epidemiology of meningococcal disease in the region, we also analyse the development and potential impact of new vaccines on the prevention of meningococcal disease. MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS and websites of the national Ministries of Health databases were searched using the terms meningococcal disease, meningococcal epidemiology, Neisseria meningitidis, meningococcal vaccines and the name of Latin America countries, from 1998 to 2008, with emphasis on review articles, clinical trials and epidemiological studies. Epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Latin America is characterized by marked differences from country to country. The overall incidence of meningococcal disease per year varied from less than 0.1 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in countries like Mexico to two cases per 100,000 inhabitants in Brazil. The highest age-specific incidence of meningococcal disease occurred in infants less than 1 year of age. Serogroups B and C were responsible for the majority of cases reported, but the emergence of serogroups W135 and Y was reported in some countries. Serogroup A disease is now rare in Latin America. Although a few countries have established meningitis surveillance programs, the information is not uniform, and the quality of the reported data is poor in the majority of the region. The availability of new effective meningococcal conjugate vaccines and promising protein-based vaccine candidates against meningococcus B highlights the importance of a better understanding of the true burden of meningococcal disease in Latin America and also the need for cost-effectiveness studies before incorporating the new meningococcal vaccines to national immunization programs.
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              Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Twenty-Four Informational Supplement. CLSI document M100-S24

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bio
                Biomédica
                Biomédica
                Instituto Nacional de Salud (Bogotá )
                0120-4157
                March 2015
                : 35
                : 1
                : 138-143
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto Nacional de Salud Colombia
                Article
                S0120-41572015000100017
                10.7705/biomedica.v35i1.2414
                26148043
                253b5e68-6dc1-452b-bd82-4fd3398bf544

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0120-4157&lng=en
                Categories
                TROPICAL MEDICINE

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Neisseria meningitidis,serogroup B,meningitis,phenotype,serogrupo B,fenotipo

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