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      Colangiopancreatografia endoscópica retrógrada (CPRE) intraoperatória como alternativa no tratamento de coledocolitíase Translated title: Intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (CPRE) as an alternative for choledocholithiasis treatment

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          Abstract

          RACIONAL: O tratamento da coledocolitíase continua controverso, podendo ser realizado por pancreatocolangiografia retrógrada endoscópica pré-operatória seguida de videolaparocolecistectomia ou por videolaparocolecistectomia com exploração de vias biliares. Há relato na literatura de taxa de insucesso da pancreatocolangiografia retrógrada endoscópica pré-operatória em torno de 6%. OBJETIVO: Apresentar caso de uma paciente que necessitou da realização de CPRE intra-operatória para resolução de coledocolitíase tratada sem êxito por CPRE. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente de 45 anos, admitida na emergência com quadro de dor abdominal em epigástrio e hipocôndrio direito. A ultra-sonografia da admissão evidenciou coledocolitíase, sendo ela encaminhada para pancreatocolangiografia retrógrada endoscópica pré-operatória onde não houve sucesso na cateterização da papila. Foi optado então pela realização de videolaparocolecistectomia com exploração de via biliar por pancreatocolangiografia retrógrada endoscópica pré-operatória intra-operatoria com a cateterização da papila direcionada por fio guia passado pelo ducto cístico. Foi realizada duodenoscopia com captura do fio guia que serviu para a passagem do papilótomo dando seqüência à pancreatocolangiografia retrógrada endoscópica pré-operatória e retirada dos cálculos. A paciente evoluiu satisfatoriamente tendo alta no 2º dia do pós-operatório. CONCLUSÃO: A abordagem da coledocolitíase por pancreatocolangiografia retrógrada endoscópica intra-operatória seguida de videolaparocolecistectomia, mostrou-se segura e eficaz.

          Translated abstract

          BACKGROUND:Choledocholithiasis treatment is still a controversial topic, being done either with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography before laparoscopic cholecystectomy or by the use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and exploration of common bile duct. According to literature, there is an unsuccessful rate of 6% when utilizing pre-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. AIM: To report a case of a patient who underwent intraoperative CPRE as a solution to choledocholithiasis treated unsuccessfully by CPRE. CASE REPORT:- We present a case report of a 45-year-old patient, female, who was admitted to an emergency room with abdominal pain in the epigastrius and right hypochondrium. Ultrasonography showed choledocholithiasis, and the patient was indicated to a pre-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, by which the catheterization of papilla was unsuccessful. The patient was then, submitted to a laparoscopic cholecystectomy and exploration of the common bile ducts by preoperative and intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with the catheterization of papilla being guided by a guiding thread which was introduced through the cystic duct. A duodenoscopy with the capture of the guiding thread was performed, allowing the passage of papillotome, giving sequence to the preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, by which gallstones were removed. The patient had a satisfying recovery being discharged on the second post-operative day. CONCLUSION: In this case, the choledocholithiasis management by intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with laparoscopic cholecystectomy was considered both safe and effective.

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          Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.

          Herein I describe my >12-year experience with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). From 21 September 1989 through 31 December 2001, 3,580 patients presented with symptomatic biliary tract disease. Laparoscopic cholecystecomy (LC) was attempted in 3,544 of them (99.1%) and completed in 3,527 (99.5%). Laparoscopic cholangiograms (IOC) were performed in 3,417 patients (96.4%); in 344 cases (9.7%), the IOC was abnormal. Forty-nine patients (1.4%) underwent preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and 33 patients (0.9%) underwent postoperative ERCP. LCBDE was attempted in 326 cases and completed in 321 (98.5%). It was successful in clearing the duct in 317 of the 344 patients with abnormal cholangiograms (92.2%). The mean operating time for all patients undergoing LC with or without cholangiograms or LCBDE or other additional surgery was 56.9 min. Mean length of stay was 22.1 h. The mean operating time for LC only patients ( n = 2530)--that is, those not undergoing LCBDE or any other additional procedure--was 47.6 min; their mean postoperative length of stay was 17.2 h. Ductal exploration was performed via the cystic duct in 269 patients, (82.5%) and through a choledochotomy in 57 patients (17.5%). T-tubes were used in patients in whom there was concern for possible retained debris or stones, distal spasm, pancreatitis, or general poor tissue quality secondary to malnutrition or infection. In cases where choledochotomy was used, a T-tube was placed in 38 patients (67%), and primary closure without a T-tube was done in 19 (33%). There were no complications in the group of patients who underwent choledochotomy and primary ductal closure without T-tube placement or in the group in whom T-tubes were placed. Common bile duct (CBD) stones still occur in 10% of patients. These stones are identified by IOC. IOC can be performed in >96.4% of cases of LC. LCBDE was successful in clearing these stones in 97.2% of patients in whom it was attempted and in 92.2% of all patients with normal IOCs. Most LCBDEs in this series were performed via the cystic duct because of the stone characteristics and ductal anatomy. Selective laparoscopic placement of T-tubes in patients requiring choledochotomy (67%) appears to be a safe and effective alternative to routine T-tube drainage of the ductal system. ERCP, which was required for 5.8% of patients with abnormal cholangiograms, and open CBDE, which was used in 2.0%, still play an important role in the management of common bile duct pathology. The role of ERCP, with or without sphincterotomy, has returned to its status in the prelaparoscopic era. LCBDE may be employed successfully in the vast majority of patients harboring CBD stones.
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            Management of common bile duct stones: the state of the art in 2000.

            Biliary lithiasis is a widespread disease all over the world; one-third of the white population presents with stones in the biliary ducts. In Chile, it is present in 47% of adult females. The most common complications of this pathology are acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, acute pancreatitis, retained common bile duct (CBD) stones, and gallbladder cancer; these constitute a serious health problem in Chile. The aim of this study was to update the information related to choledocholithiasis after 10 years of laparoscopic biliary surgery. To achieve this objective, we retrospectively analyzed the last 100 cases of choledocholithiasis admitted to the University of Chile Clinical Hospital in 2000. Prevalence by sex and age was determined. Clinical diagnosis was demonstrated to be effective in 92.3% of the cases; laboratory tests and ultrasound were effective in 81% and 90% of the cases, respectively. Diagnosis of cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis as one unique entity corresponded to 53% of the sample; 47% of the remaining choledocholithiasis cases corresponded to retained CBD stones in patients previously cholecystectomized. Time of appearance of symptoms of this residual pathology was reviewed. All methods or procedures employed to treat this pathology were studied, and it was found that endoscopic cholangiography (ERCP) was the most frequently used procedure. Also, results of other alternative procedures, such as open surgery or ERCP combined with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, were considered. Finally, this study was complemented with a thorough bibliographic review of more than 100 publications on the subject that were published in high-impact surgical reviews, emphasizing the course of treatment followed during the last 7 years.
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              Management of common bile duct stones: the state of the art in 2000

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abcd
                ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo)
                ABCD, arq. bras. cir. dig.
                Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo )
                2317-6326
                March 2007
                : 20
                : 1
                : 65-67
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública Brazil
                [2 ] Hospital São Rafael Brazil
                Article
                S0102-67202007000100013
                10.1590/S0102-67202007000100013
                253f5915-9538-4b8f-b048-de6edcc8f4ef

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-6720&lng=en
                Categories
                GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
                SURGERY

                Gastroenterology & Hepatology,Surgery
                Choledocholithiasis,Cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde,cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic,Abdominal pain,Coledocolitíase,Pancreatocolangiografia retrógrada endoscópica,Colecistectomia laparoscópica,Dor abdominal

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