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      Mortalidad por accidentes de tráfico en Colombia. Estudio comparativo con otros países Translated title: Mortality caused by traffic accidents in Colombia. Comparison with other countries

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Fundamentos: Los accidentes de tráfico (AT) son un problema mundial con mortalidad de 1,25 millones cada año. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar tasas ajustadas de mortalidad (TAM) por AT de Colombia, con España y Estados Unidos (EEUU). La selección se justifica por ser Colombia un país con menor desarrollo en seguridad vial, España una nación que se ha adherido a directrices Europeas y EEUU por tener poca adherencia a directrices internacionales. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal por quinquenios, mediante el cálculo de las TAM por el método directo de estandarización según sexo y grupos de edad, así como el ajuste del índice de motorización. Se calcularon los valores medios, el intervalo de confianza al 95% por cada país y el cambio relativo entre los períodos estudiados. Resultados: Las TAM de los períodos P1 y P2 en todos los países disminuyeron significativamente (p<0.005). En los períodos P2 y P3 también disminuyeron significativamente en España, en un 52,0% (p=0,010), y en EU, en un 23,6% p=0,001), mientras que en Colombia la diferencia de 4,0% no fue significativa (p=0,724). Destacó España por la reducción de su mortalidad (P1-P3), en un 69.0%. Conclusiones: Colombia presentó una evolución menos favorable de mortalidad por AT que España y EEUU. Los hombres de 15 a 44 años, motociclistas y ciclistas fueron los más comprometidos. Los AT son un problema de salud pública que tiene planteado Colombia y debe adaptar a su realidad aquellas medidas exitosas en otros países.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Background: Traffic accidents (TA) are a global problem with mortality of 1.25 million each year. The objective of this study was to compare adjusted mortality rates (AMR) by AT of Colombia, with Spain and the United States (US). The selection is justified because Colombia is a country with less development in road safety, Spain a nation that has adhered to European guidelines and US for having little adherence to international guidelines. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out for five-year periods, by calculating the AMRs by the direct method of standardization according to sex and age groups, as well as the adjustment of the motorization index. The mean values, the 95% confidence interval for each country and the relative change between the periods studied were calculated. Results: The AMR of periods P1 and P2 in all countries decreased significantly (p <0.005). In periods P2 and P3 also decreased significantly in Spain, by 52.0% (p = 0.010), and in the US, by 23.6% p = 0.001), while in Colombia the difference of 4.0% it was not significant (p = 0.724). Spain stood out for the reduction in mortality (P1-P3), by 69.0%. Conclusions: Colombia presented a less favorable evolution of mortality due to AT than Spain and the US. Men aged 15 to 44, motorcyclists and cyclists were the most committed. The TAs are a public health problem that Colombia has raised and must adapt to its reality those successful measures in other countries.

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          Call for more research on injury from the developing world: results of a bibliometric analysis.

          Injury prevention is a daunting health challenge as public health systems particularly in the developing world are least prepared to respond to this issue. In 2005, an estimated 5.4 million people worldwide died from injuries over 90 per cent in low- and middle-income countries. The main objective of this bibliometric analysis was to document injury literature published on low- and middle- income countries, and also to quantify literature on road traffic injuries by countries before and after the World Health Day on Road Safety celebrated in April 2004. A systematic search was done using MeSH terms on PubMed. Papers on road traffic injuries were assessed by country/cluster and by publication date for two periods (March 2001-March 2004) and (April 2004-April 2007). The rate of articles published per million population was calculated. Finally, a comparison was made between disease burden in disability adjusted life years (DALYs) and quantum of papers published. The search was performed on April 29, 2007. PubMed had 8.26 million articles listed; of which, 72 per cent were in English and only 2 per cent were on unintentional injuries. For papers in all languages including English on road traffic injuries, 41 per cent were from US, 36 per cent from Europe (other than Eastern Europe). Two most populous countries, China and India contributed only 0.9 and 0.7 per cent papers on road traffic injuries, respectively. On neoplasm there were 280 articles published per million population whereas for road traffic injuries, rate was 4 articles per million population. Northern Africa, India and China had less than one article on road traffic injuries per 1,000 road traffic related deaths. The percentage change in English papers on road traffic injuries for the period 2004-2007 in comparison to period 2001-2004 was +191 per cent for China, +118 per cent for India, and +106 per cent for Middle East. Unintentional injuries overall represented 18 per cent of the burden in terms of DALYs and represented only 2 per cent of all published articles. The results noticeably reflected the small proportion of papers on injuries, the dominance of US, and the apparent increase in percentage of road traffic injuries papers from low- and middle- income countries after World Health Day on Road Safety in 2004. Policies on injury prevention and safety in developing countries will be effective if based on local evidence and research, and designed to suit the social, political, and economic circumstances found in developing countries.
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            Defunciones por accidentes de tránsito en países seleccionados de las Américas, 1985-2001

            J Silvi (2004)
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              [Road traffic injuries in developing countries: research and action agenda].

              Road traffic injury (RTI) is the leading cause of death in persons aged 10-24 worldwide and accounts for about 15% of all male deaths. The burden of RTI is unevenly distributed amongst countries with over eighty-fold differences between the highest and lowest death rates. Thus the unequal risk of RTI occurring in the developing world, due to many reasons, including but not limited to rapid motorization and poor infrastructure, is a major global challenge. This editorial highlights a number of key issues that must inform programs designed to prevent RTI in the developing world, where the epidemic is all the more insidious. Firstly, road safety is a development issue; secondly, road traffic injury is a major health issue; thirdly, road traffic injuries can be prevented by the implementation of scientific measures; fourth, pre-hospital and hospital emergency care is needed; and fifth, research on RTI is neglected in low-income and middle-income countries. The repercussion of such progress to Peru is also discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Rev. Esp. Salud Publica
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                2018
                : 92
                : e201807040
                Affiliations
                [3] Barcelona orgnameInstituto de Investigación Biomédica (IIB Sant Pau) orgdiv1Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano España
                [6] Barcelona Cataluña orgnameUniversitat de Barcelona orgdiv1Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya orgdiv2Grupo de investigación en Ciencias del Deporte Spain
                [4] Barcelona Cataluña orgnameUniversitat Autónoma de Barcelona Spain
                [1] Neiva Huila orgnameUniversidad Surcolombiana orgdiv1Grupo de Investigación Desarrollo Social, Salud Pública y Derechos Humanos Colombia
                [7] Barcelona orgnameCIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) España
                [2] Barcelona Cataluña orgnameUniversitat Autónoma de Barcelona orgdiv1Programa de Doctorado en Metodología de la Investigación Biomédica y Salud Pública Spain
                [5] Neiva Huila orgnameUniversidad Surcolombiana orgdiv1Grupo de investigación Dneuropsy Colombia
                Article
                S1135-57272018000100415 S1135-5727(18)09200000415
                257ccc30-eba0-403a-a883-34fc769f3ef8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 August 2017
                : 25 June 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Public Health


                Estudio comparativo,Mortalidad,Accidentes de tráfico,Comparative study,Mortality,Traffic accidents

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