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      Presencia de Colletotrichum acutatum y Colletotrichum gloeosporioides en helecho hoja de cuero, limón criollo, papaya, carambola y mango en Costa rica y Florida (Estados Unidos) Translated title: Presence of Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on leatherleaf fern, key lime, papaya, star fruit and mango in Costa Rica and Florida (United States)

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          Abstract

          La antracnosis es una enfermedad causada por varias especies del género Colletotrichum en diferentes hospederos. C. acutatum y C. gloeosporioides son especies morfológicamente similares, que pueden causar síntomas similares en el mismo hospedero. Se colectaron 220 aislamientos de Colletotrichum de muestras con síntomas típicos de antracnosis en helecho hoja de cuero (Rumohra adiantiformis), limón criollo (Citrus aurantifolia), carambola (Averrhoa carambola), papaya (Carica papaya) y mango (Mangifera indica) en Costa Rica y Florida, Estados Unidos. Los aislamientos se caracterizaron por morfología de colonia, sensibilidad al benomil, y PCR con los iniciadores específicos para C. acutatum y C. gloeosporioides CaInt2 y Cg/fInt1, respectivamente; también se analizó la morfología de las colonias de ambas especies. De los 85 aislamientos obtenidos de mango, todos los aislamientos de Florida fueron identificados como C. acutatum, mientras que todos los aislamientos de Costa Rica fueron C. gloeosporioides. De los 60 aislamientos de carambola, 3 provenientes de Costa Rica fueron C. acutatum (primer informe) y el resto fueron C. gloeosporioides. Todos los aislamientos de helecho hoja de cuero (25 aislamientos)y de limón criollo (25 aislamientos) se identificaron como C. acutatum. Los demás aislamientos de carambola y mango así como todos los aislamientos de papaya, se identificaron como C. gloeosporioides. No se encontró diferenciación de síntomas entre ambas especies sobre los hospederos donde se encontraron.

          Translated abstract

          Anthracnose is a disease caused by several species of the genus Colletotrichum on different hosts. C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides are 2 morphologically similar species that can cause similar disease symptoms on the same host. A total of 220 isolates of Colletotrichum species were collected from typical anthracnose lesions on leatherleaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis), Key lime (Citrus aurantifolia), starfruit (Averrhoa carambola), papaya (Carica papaya) and mango (Mangifera indica) in Costa Rica and Florida. Isolates were characterized by colony morphology, benomyl sensitivity and PCR with specific primers for C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides CaInt2 and Cg/fInt1, respectively. Of the 85 isolates obtained from mango, all 33 isolates from Florida were identified as C. acutatum, whereas all isolates from Costa Rica were C. gloeosporioides. Out of 60 isolates obtained from starfruit, 3 isolates from Costa Rica were C. acutatum (first report) and the rest were C. gloosporioides. All isolates from leatherleaf fern (25 isolates) and Key lime (25 isolates) were identified as C. acutatum. All remaining isolates from startfruit and mango, as well as all isolates from papaya, were C. gloeosporioides. There was no symptom difference between both Colletotrichum species on those hosts were both species were found.

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          Most cited references27

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          Characterization of Colletotrichum acutatum Isolates Causing Anthracnose of Almond and Peach in California.

          ABSTRACT The causal organism responsible for the recent outbreak of almond and peach anthracnose in California was identified and characterized as Colletotrichum acutatum. Isolates of C. acutatum from almond were found to be similar to California strawberry isolates and South Carolina peach and apple isolates of C. acutatum based on conidial morphology, temperature relationships, fungicide sensitivity, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods using DNA species-specific primers. On almond, blossoms and immature or mature fruit were affected by the disease, causing direct losses of crop. On peach, the disease was observed only on mature fruit. Pathogenicity of almond and peach isolates of C. acutatum was demonstrated on wound- and nonwound-inoculated almond or peach fruit by fulfilling Koch's postulates. Conidial morphology of isolates was variable, depending on the medium or substrate used to culture the isolates. Isolates of C. acutatum from strawberry, almond, and peach were grouped together based on a similar response to temperature, with an optimal growth rate at 25 degrees C (generally less than 10 mm/day), whereas isolates of C. gloeosporioides from citrus and papaya had an optimal growth rate at 30 degrees C (generally greater than 10 mm/day). In fungicide disk assays, isolates of C. acutatum from strawberry, peach, and apple, as well as almond and peach isolates from California, were less sensitive to benomyl at 300, 600, or 1,200 mug/ml. In contrast, C. gloeosporioides isolates from citrus and papaya were very sensitive to benomyl at all concentrations evaluated. All isolates of both species were sensitive to captan (300, 600, or 1,200 mug/ml). Oligonucleotide primers were synthesized for C. acutatum, C. fragariae, or C. gloeosporioides using published DNA sequences from the internal transcribed spacer 1 region of ribosomal DNA. Thirty-two Colletotrichum isolates from almond fruit produced DNA products with a C. acutatum primer (CaInt-2) that matched products and approximate molecular weight of known C. acutatum isolates. No PCR products were produced with primers for C. gloeosporioides or C. fragariae. Isolates from citrus and papaya produced DNA products only with primers from C. gloeosporioides or C. fragariae. Thus, worldwide, anthracnose of almonds may be caused by either C. gloeosporioides, as previously reported, or by C. acutatum, as indicated in this study.
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            Genetic and Pathogenic Analyses of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Isolates from Strawberry and Noncultivated Hosts.

            ABSTRACT Colletotrichum crown rot of strawberry in Florida is caused primarily by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. To determine potential inoculum sources, isolates of Colletotrichum spp. from strawberry and various noncultivated plants growing in the areas adjacent to strawberry fields were collected from different sites. Species-specific internal transcribed spacer primers for C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum were used to identify isolates to species. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to determine genetic relationships among isolates recovered from noncultivated hosts and diseased strawberry plants. Selected isolates also were tested for pathogenicity on strawberry plants in the greenhouse. In all, 39 C. gloeosporioides and 3 C. acutatum isolates were recovered from diseased strawberry crowns, and 52 C. gloeosporioides and 1 C. acutatum isolate were recovered from noncultivated hosts. In crown inoculation tests, 18 of the 52 C. gloeosporioides isolates recovered from noncultivated hosts were pathogenic to strawberry. Phylogenetic analysis using RAPD marker data divided isolates of C. gloeosporioides from noncultivated hosts into two separate clusters. One cluster contained 50 of the 52 isolates and a second cluster contained 2 isolates that were homothallic in culture. Isolates from strawberry were interspersed within the cluster containing the 50 isolates that were recovered from noncultivated hosts. The results are not inconsistent with the hypothesis that C. gloeosporioides isolates obtained from strawberry and noncultivated hosts adjacent to strawberry fields are from the same population and that noncultivated hosts can serve as potential inoculum sources for Colletotrichum crown rot of strawberry.
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              Genetic Diversity Within Colletotrichum acutatum sensu Simmonds.

              ABSTRACT Isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum from several hosts were characterized by various molecular methods in comparison with morphological identification. Species-specific primer analysis was reliable for grouping C. acutatum isolates to their designated species. Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction and A+T-rich DNA analyses identified four subgroups within C. acutatum. Subgroup I contained U.S. isolates from almond, apple, peach, and pecan, subgroup II contained isolates from anemone, olive, and strawberry, subgroup III contained isolates from almond (Israel) and strawberry (Spain), and subgroup IV contained a single isolate from anemone (the Netherlands). Likewise, sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 2 region alone or the complete ITS (ITS 1-5.8S-ITS 2) region grouped the isolates into the same four subgroups. Percent similarity of the complete ITS region within each cluster ranged from 99.6 to 100.0, 99.8 to 100.0, and 98.6% among subgroups I, II, and III, respectively. DNA sequence analysis of the ITS 2 region alone or the entire ITS 1-2 region was more informative than that of the ITS 1 region, which could only group the isolates into two main clusters. The molecular methods employed for studying genetic variation in populations of C. acutatum determined that this species is diverse, indicating that isolates within populations of each subgroup are not host specific.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ac
                Agronomía Costarricense
                Agron. Costarricense
                Universidad de Costa Rica. Colegio de Ingenieros y Agrónomos. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (San Pedro de Montes de Oca )
                0377-9424
                June 2013
                : 37
                : 1
                : 23-38
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Salamanca Spain
                [2 ] University of Florida USA
                [3 ] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica
                Article
                S0377-94242013000100002
                25837f41-5c74-4baf-8fe0-025f32f0f1b2

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Costa Rica

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0377-9424&lng=en

                Anthracnose,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,Colletotrichum acutatum,mango,papaya,starfruit,lime,leatherleaf fern,Antracnosis,carambola,lima,helecho hoja de cuero

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