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      Water-assisted and controllable synthesis of core/shell/shell structured carbon-based nanohybrids, and their magnetic and microwave absorption properties

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          Abstract

          By controlling the pyrolysis temperature, core/shell/shell structured Fe/Fe 5C 2/carbon nanotube bundles (Fe/Fe 5C 2/CNTBs), Fe/Fe 3C/helical carbon nanotubes (Fe/Fe 3C/HCNTs) and Fe/Fe 3C/chain-like carbon nanospheres (Fe/Fe 3C/CCNSs) with high encapsulation efficiency could be selectively synthesized in large-scale by water-assisted chemical vapor deposition method. Water vapor was proved to play an important role in the growth process. Because of α-Fe nanoparticles tightly wrapped by two layers, the obtained core/shell/shell structured nanohybrids showed high stabilities and good magnetic properties. The minimum reflection loss values of the as-prepared nanohybrids reached approximately −15.0, −46.3 and −37.1 dB, respectively. The excellent microwave absorption properties of the as-prepared core/shell/shell structured nanohybrids were considered to the quarter-wavelength matching model. Moreover, the possible enhanced microwave absorption mechanism of the as-prepared Fe/Fe 3C/HCNTs and Fe/Fe 3C/CCNSs were discussed in details. Therefore, we proposed a simple, inexpensive and environment-benign strategy for the synthesis of core/shell/shell structured carbon-based nanohybrids, exhibiting a promising prospect as high performance microwave absorbing materials.

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          Analysis of XPS spectra of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in oxide materials

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            Microwave Absorption Enhancement and Complex Permittivity and Permeability of Fe Encapsulated within Carbon Nanotubes

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              Water-assisted highly efficient synthesis of impurity-free single-walled carbon nanotubes.

              We demonstrate the efficient chemical vapor deposition synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes where the activity and lifetime of the catalysts are enhanced by water. Water-stimulated enhanced catalytic activity results in massive growth of superdense and vertically aligned nanotube forests with heights up to 2.5 millimeters that can be easily separated from the catalysts, providing nanotube material with carbon purity above 99.98%. Moreover, patterned, highly organized intrinsic nanotube structures were successfully fabricated. The water-assisted synthesis method addresses many critical problems that currently plague carbon nanotube synthesis.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                shuijie_qin@sina.com
                wzhong@nju.edu.cn
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                29 August 2017
                29 August 2017
                2017
                : 7
                : 9851
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1804 268X, GRID grid.443382.a, , College of Physics, Guizhou University, ; Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1804 268X, GRID grid.443382.a, , Guizhou Province Key Laboratory for Photoelectrics Technology and Application, Guizhou University, ; Guiyang City, 550025 People’s Republic of China
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2314 964X, GRID grid.41156.37, , Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for NanoTechnology, Nanjing University, ; Nanjing, 210093 People’s Republic of China
                Article
                10352
                10.1038/s41598-017-10352-8
                5575045
                28852184
                259f9512-51cb-4140-9bfd-d42d319ba630
                © The Author(s) 2017

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 22 May 2017
                : 1 August 2017
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