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      HLA associations in insulin-dependent diabetes: search for heterogeneity in different groups of patients from a homogeneous population

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          Abstract

          A total of 317 unrelated Danish patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) have been HLA-DR typed and the antigen and phenotype frequencies compared with those in 1177 unrelated Danish controls. The strong positive associations with DR3 and 4 and the strong negative one with DR2 were confirmed, and the remaining antigens showed a hierarchy from weakly positive to strongly negative associations: DRw9, w8, 1, 5, w6, 7. The study population included various special groups of patients selected in order to study heterogeneity: very early (less than 5 years) and very late (greater than 40 years) onset IDDM, pregnancy-induced IDDM, IDDM nephropathy, and long-term (greater than 40 years) survivors without complications. When comparing these groups, the following minor differences were seen: the DR3,4 phenotype is significantly (p = .02) more frequent in IDDM with onset before age 20 (35%) than in other cases (24%), and in familial IDDM (48%) than in other cases (28%); the frequency of the DR4 antigen was significantly (p = .008) more frequent in long-term survivors (86%) than in other patients (69%), while it was significantly (p = .02) less frequent in IDDM nephropathy (63%) than in long-term survivors. However, apart from the age-at-onset heterogeneity, which was suspected a priori, these differences may be due to chance, and the main conclusion of this study is that the HLA-DR associations in IDDM are indeed extraordinarily homogeneous irrespective of the clinical characteristics at onset and course of the disease.

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          Most cited references3

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          HLA and Disease Associations

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            Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

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              Epidemiologic and Public Health Aspects of Insulin-treated Diabetes in Denmark

              A. Green (1985)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Tissue Antigens
                Wiley
                00012815
                October 1986
                December 11 2008
                : 28
                : 4
                : 237-244
                Article
                10.1111/j.1399-0039.1986.tb00489.x
                3492782
                25ae1df9-45d5-4d74-a132-3f7b8e8e13d8
                © 2008

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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