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      La respuesta tisular a implantes dentales con plataforma reducida (platform switching) Translated title: Tissue response to dental implants with platform switching

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN La evolución en los diseños de los sistemas de implantes y en la configuración de los pilares protésicos ha desarrollado el concepto de plataforma reducida que comprende la colocación de un pilar más estrecho que la plataforma del implante para aumentar su distancia de la interfase hueso-implante. La plataforma reducida es considerada un factor importante para preservar la estabilidad del hueso crestal y de los tejidos blandos y asegurar el éxito de los implantes dentales a largo plazo. La plataforma reducida reduce las fuerzas oclusales y la contaminación bacteriana en la interfase entre el hueso crestal y el implante. Los estudios experimentales en animales y clínicos en pacientes muestran su eficacia para prevenir la pérdida ósea y de los tejidos blandos periimplantarios Conclusiones: La introducción de la plataforma reducida constituye un importante campo en la investigación experimental en implantología oral y en el tratamiento clínico con implantes para mantener los tejidos periimplantarios.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The evolution of designs of implant systems and abutments configurations has developed the concept of platform-switching that involves the connection of a narrower abutment to the platform implant to allow horizontal distance of the interface bone-implant. Platform-switching is considered an important factor to preserve the stability of crestal bone and soft tissue ensuring the success of dental implants in the long-term follow-up. Platform-switching reduces the forces of occlusal loading and bacterial contamination in the interface between the crestal bone and the implant. Experimental studies in animals and clinical studies in patients showed that implants with platform-switching have demonstrated the effectiveness to prevent peri-implant bone loss and subsequent soft tissue loss. Conclusions: The platform-switching constitute an important field for research of experimental implant dentistry and clinical implant treatment in the maintenance of peri-implant tissues.

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          Surface Modifications and Their Effects on Titanium Dental Implants

          This review covers several basic methodologies of surface treatment and their effects on titanium (Ti) implants. The importance of each treatment and its effects will be discussed in detail in order to compare their effectiveness in promoting osseointegration. Published literature for the last 18 years was selected with the use of keywords like titanium dental implant, surface roughness, coating, and osseointegration. Significant surface roughness played an important role in providing effective surface for bone implant contact, cell proliferation, and removal torque, despite having good mechanical properties. Overall, published studies indicated that an acid etched surface-modified and a coating application on commercial pure titanium implant was most preferable in producing the good surface roughness. Thus, a combination of a good surface roughness and mechanical properties of titanium could lead to successful dental implants.
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            Platform switching: a new concept in implant dentistry for controlling postrestorative crestal bone levels.

            Histologic and radiographic observations suggest that a biologic dimension of hard and soft tissues exists around dental implants and extends apically from the implant-abutment interface. Radiographic evidence of the development of the biologic dimension can be demonstrated by the vertical repositioning of crestal bone and the subsequent soft tissue attachment to the implant that occurs when an implant is uncovered and exposed to the oral environment and matching-diameter restorative components are attached. Historically, two-piece dental implant systems have been restored with prosthetic components that locate the interface between the implant and the attached component element at the outer edge of the implant platform. In 1991, Implant Innovations introduced wide-diameter implants with matching wide-diameter platforms. When introduced, however, matching-diameter prosthetic components were not available, and many of the early 5.0- and 6.0-mm-wide implants received "standard"-diameter (4.1-mm) healing abutments and were restored with "standard"-diameter (4.1-mm) prosthetic components. Long-term radiographic follow-up of these "platform-switched" restored wide-diameter dental implants has demonstrated a smaller than expected vertical change in the crestal bone height around these implants than is typically observed around implants restored conventionally with prosthetic components of matching diameters. This radiographic observation suggests that the resulting postrestorative biologic process resulting in the loss of crestal bone height is altered when the outer edge of the implant-abutment interface is horizontally repositioned inwardly and away from the outer edge of the implant platform. This article introduces the concept of platform switching and provides a foundation for future development of the biologic understanding of the observed radiographic findings and clinical rationale for this technique.
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              Implant surface characteristics and their effect on osseointegration.

              The aim of this literature review is to find current knowledge of dental implants focusing on materials, designs and surface modifications and to understand which implant surfaces have more predictable clinical outcomes. RESEARCH MATERIAL AND METHODS: An electronic search using PubMed/Medline, Scopus and The Cochrane Library databases from 1950 onwards was conducted using keywords and terms. Published papers were then obtained online or from specialist libraries. References from individual published papers were also searched for relevant publications.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                odonto
                Avances en Odontoestomatología
                Av Odontoestomatol
                Ediciones Avances, S.L. (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0213-1285
                2340-3152
                August 2020
                : 36
                : 2
                : 107-115
                Affiliations
                [2] Sevilla Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Sevilla orgdiv1Facultad de Odontología Spain
                [3] Sevilla Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Sevilla orgdiv1Facultad de Odontología Spain
                [4] Sevilla Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Sevilla orgdiv1Facultad de Odontología Spain
                [1] Sevilla Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Sevilla orgdiv1Facultad de Odontología Spain
                Article
                S0213-12852020000200007 S0213-1285(20)03600200007
                10.4321/s0213-12852020000200007
                25b5605c-6060-4dff-9776-ee7e517e7c10

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 March 2020
                : 16 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 44, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos

                plataforma del implante,oseointegración,plataforma reducida,Dental implants,Implantes dentales,superficie de implante,platform switching,surface implant,superficie rugosa,osseointegration,platform implant,rough surface

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