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      Chronic cough: an Asian perspective. Part 1: Epidemiology

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          Abstract

          Asia is one of the most diverse and dynamic continents. Due to recent rapid industrialisation and urbanisation, morbidity patterns are likely to be diverse in Asian populations. Chronic cough is a disease condition resulting from host-environmental interactions, and is associated with a high global epidemiological burden. However, the underlying epidemiology remains unclear, particularly in Asia. We performed a literature search to identify peer-reviewed articles on chronic cough in community-based adult Asian populations that have been published between January 2000 and June 2015. In this review, we aim to examine the epidemiological characteristics and determinants of chronic cough in several geographical areas of Asia.

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          Most cited references72

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          The global epidemiology of chronic cough in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

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            The diagnosis and management of chronic cough.

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              Indian study on epidemiology of asthma, respiratory symptoms and chronic bronchitis in adults (INSEARCH).

              Field sites in 12 districts in different parts of India. To determine the nationwide population prevalence of and risk factors for asthma and chronic bronchitis (CB) in adults. A standardised validated questionnaire based on the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease's 1984 questionnaire was used to assess asthma and CB prevalence. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the risk factor associations. Estimates standardised to the 2011 population projection estimates for India were used to calculate the national disease burden. A total of 85,105 men and 84,470 women from 12 urban and 11 rural sites were interviewed. One or more respiratory symptoms were present in 8.5% of individuals. The overall prevalence of asthma and CB was respectively 2.05% (adults aged ≥15 years) and 3.49% (adults aged ≥35 years). Advancing age, smoking, household environmental tobacco smoke exposure, asthma in a first-degree relative, and use of unclean cooking fuels were associated with increased odds of asthma and CB. The national burden of asthma and CB was estimated at respectively 17.23 and 14.84 million. Asthma and CB in adults pose an enormous health care burden in India. Most of the associated risk factors are preventable.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Asia Pac Allergy
                Asia Pac Allergy
                APA
                Asia Pacific Allergy
                Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology
                2233-8276
                2233-8268
                July 2015
                29 July 2015
                : 5
                : 3
                : 136-144
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
                [2 ]Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
                [3 ]Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Studies, University of Hull and Hull York Medical School, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham HU16 5JQ, UK.
                [4 ]Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
                [5 ]Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-700, Korea.
                [6 ]Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Korea.
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Yoon-Seok Chang. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-707, Korea. Tel: +82-31-787-7023, Fax: +82-31-787-4052, addchang@ 123456snu.ac.kr

                Woo-Jung Song, Shoaib Faruqi, and Jettanong Klaewsongkram contributed equally to this article.

                Article
                10.5415/apallergy.2015.5.3.136
                4521162
                26240790
                25cc5dc7-43b2-4302-9367-3e937de1ae2b
                Copyright © 2015. Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 29 June 2015
                : 08 July 2015
                Categories
                Current Review

                Immunology
                cough,epidemiology,risk factors,asia
                Immunology
                cough, epidemiology, risk factors, asia

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