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      Nitrógeno mineralizado en anaerobiosis: relación con sistemas de cultivo de agricultura continua

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          Abstract

          El nitrógeno (N) mineralizado en incubación anaeróbica corta (NAN) podría ser utilizado como indicador de salud edáfica. Para ajustar su utilización, es necesario caracterizar y comprender cómo es afectado por distintas prácticas de manejo. Para suelos del Sudeste Bonaerense se hipotetiza que i) mayores aportes de carbono (C) por los residuos de los cultivos se asocian a menores variaciones de NAN en la capa arable, siendo similares para labranza convencional (LC) y siembra directa (SD), y ii) la cantidad y la calidad del residuo del cultivo antecesor afectan el NAN. Los objetivos fueron: i) evaluar la evolución del NAN en 0-20 cm bajo distintas secuencias de cultivos bajo LC y SD, y con y sin fertilización nitrogenada (FN) y, ii) analizar el efecto de distintos residuos sobre el NAN en 0-20 cm. Se determinó NAN en muestras de suelo almacenadas tomadas a 0-5 y 5-20 cm de dos ensayos de sistemas de labranza (SL) (LC y SD): Ensayo 1 con dos niveles de FN (Con y Sin N), y Ensayo 2, con tres secuencias de cultivos (maíz-maíz-trigo, maíz-soja-trigo, soja-soja-trigo). El NAN disminuyó con los años de agricultura en 0-5, 5-20 y 0-20 cm, bajo ambos SL y niveles de FN, con diferencias entre SL sólo en 0-5 cm (LC>SD). En 0- 20 cm no hubo diferencias en las disminuciones de NAN ni entre niveles de FN ni entre secuencias de cultivos, es decir, diferentes aportes de C no provocaron variación diferencial de NAN. Distintos cultivos antecesores tampoco afectaron el contenido de NAN. La FN podría haber producido una mayor tasa de mineralización del C orgánico del suelo al disminuir la relación C/N del sistema, enmascarando el efecto del aporte de C sobre el NAN. No obstante, los resultados contribuyen a confirmar la viabilidad del NAN como indicador de salud edáfica.

          Translated abstract

          Nitrogen (N) mineralization during a short anaerobic incubation (NAN) could be used as a soil health indicator. To adjust its use, it is necessary to characterize and understand how it is affected by different management practices. For soils of the Southeast of the Buenos Aires Province we hypothesized that i) higher carbon (C) inputs through crop residues lead to lower NAN variations in the arable soil layer without difference between conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT), and ii) the amount and quality of the preceding crop residue affects the NAN content. The aims of this work were: i) to evaluate the change in time of NAN at 0-20 cm under different crop sequences, CT and NT, and with and without N fertilization (NF), and ii) to analyze the effect of different crop residues on NAN at 0-20 cm. We determined NAN in stored soil samples taken from the 0-5 and 5-20 cm soil layers in two long term tillage system (TS) experiments (CT and NT): Experiment 1 with two levels of NF (with and without N), and Experiment 2: with three crop sequences (corn-corn-wheat, corn-soybean-wheat, soybean-soybean-wheat). Anaerobic N decreased along years under cropping at 0-5, 5-20 y 0-20 cm, under both TL and levels of NF. Only at 0-5 cm decreases were significantly different between TS (CT>NT). At 0-20 cm there were no differences in NAN decreases neither between levels of NF nor among crop sequences. Hence, different C inputs of different biomass productions did not lead to differential changes in NAN along cropping years. Different preceding crops did neither affect NAN contents. Nitrogen fertilization could have produced higher soil organic C mineralization since it decreases the soil system C/N ratio, masking the expected effects of crop residue characteristics on NAN. However, our results contribute to confirm the feasibility of using NAN as a soil health indicator.

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          A history of research on the link between (micro)aggregates, soil biota, and soil organic matter dynamics

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              SAS for Mixed Models

              The indispensable, up-to-date guide to mixed models using SAS®. Discover the latest capabilities available for a variety of applications featuring the MIXED, GLIMMIX, and NLMIXED procedures in this valuable edition of the comprehensive mixed models guide for data analysis, completely revised and updated for SAS®9. The theory underlying the models, the forms of the models for various applications, and a wealth of examples from different fields of study are integrated in the discussions of these models: random effect only and random coefficients models split-plot, multilocation, and repeated measures models hierarchical models with nested random effects analysis of covariance models spatial correlation models generalized linear mixed models nonlinear mixed models Professionals and students with a background in two-way ANOVA and regression and a basic knowledge of linear models and matrix algebra will benefit from the topics covered. Includes a free CD-ROM with example SAS code!
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cds
                Ciencia del suelo
                Cienc. suelo
                Asociación Argentina de la Ciencia del Suelo (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, , Argentina )
                1850-2067
                June 2016
                : 34
                : 1
                : 127-138
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniv. Nac. Mar del Plata orgdiv1Fac. Cs. Agrarias orgdiv2Unidad Integrada Balcarce
                Article
                S1850-20672016000100012
                2629c4c0-cbcd-4fb7-a618-20ff4016a2b2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 December 2015
                : 19 September 2015
                : 25 December 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 54, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Argentina


                Nitrógeno potencialmente mineralizable,Secuencias de cultivos,Sistemas de labranza,Fertilización nitrogenada,Potentially mineralizable nitrogen,Crop sequence,Tillage system,Nitrogen fertilization

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