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      High Molecular Weight Proteins of Trypanosoma cruzi Reduce Cross-Reaction with Leishmania spp. in Serological Diagnosis Tests

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          Abstract

          Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Because of its distribution throughout Latin America, sometimes it can overlap with other parasitic diseases, such as leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania spp. This might represent a problem when performing serological diagnosis, because both parasites share antigens, resulting in cross-reactions. In the present work we evaluated Mexican sera samples: 83.8% of chagasic patients recognized at least one antigen of high molecular weight (>95 kDa) when evaluated by Western blot. Proteins of 130 kDa and 160 kDa are predominantly being recognized by asymptomatic chagasic patients. When the proteins were extracted using Triton X-100 detergent, a larger number of specific T. cruzi proteins were obtained. This protein fraction can be used to increase specificity to 100% in Western blot assays without losing sensitivity of the test. High molecular weight proteins of T. cruzi include glycoproteins with a great amount of αMan ( α-mannose), αGlc ( α-glucose), GlcNAc (N-acetylglucosamine), and αGal ( α-galactose) content and these structures play an essential role in antigens recognition by antibodies present in patients' sera.

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          Most cited references15

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          Evaluation of serological tests to identify Trypanosoma cruzi infection in humans and determine cross-reactivity with Trypanosoma rangeli and Leishmania spp.

          Five commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), one in-house ELISA, and two hemagglutination assays were evaluated to determine their diagnostic accuracy for Chagas' disease in two studies. In study 1, ELISA kits showed 100% sensitivity, but specificities ranged from 82.84% to 100% when leishmaniasis cases were included and from 95.57% to 100% when leishmaniasis cases were excluded. Kits using recombinant antigens or synthetic peptides are more specific than those using crude extracts from Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote forms. Kits evaluated in Panama, in study 2, showed 75% to 100% sensitivity and 97.12% to 100% specificity. These data were obtained by using a Western blot assay with T. cruzi trypomastigote excreted-secreted antigens as a reference test to confirm T. cruzi infection.
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            Chagas disease: recombinant Trypanosoma cruzi antigens for serological diagnosis.

            Diagnosis of individuals infected by Trypanosoma cruzi is performed mainly by serological tests using crude antigens, which might crossreact with other infections. In the past ten years, many recombinant T. cruzi proteins and synthetic peptides have been described, and some are already on the market. Managers of laboratories and blood banks need to make decisions on a cost-benefit basis whether to include these new-generation tests. Here, we indicate antigens that are likely to prove most useful.
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              Chagas disease 101.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Biomed Res Int
                Biomed Res Int
                BMRI
                BioMed Research International
                Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                2314-6133
                2314-6141
                2014
                20 July 2014
                : 2014
                : 365403
                Affiliations
                1Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México C.U., Avenida Universidad No. 3000 Col., Deleg. Coyoacán, 04510 México, DF, Mexico
                2Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Calzada Vallejo Sin Número, Colonia La Raza, Deleg. Azcapotzalco, 02990 México, DF, Mexico
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa

                Article
                10.1155/2014/365403
                4124657
                262a05a5-a9f9-476e-9290-bbac3e8b5ebd
                Copyright © 2014 Alejandra Yunuen Cervantes-Landín et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 28 February 2014
                : 7 June 2014
                : 16 June 2014
                Categories
                Research Article

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