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      Aportaciones de la Economía Conductual a la evaluación, la prevención y el tratamiento psicológico en adicciones Translated title: Behavioral Economic applications in the assessment, prevention and psychological treatment of addictions

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          Abstract

          Resumen La Economía conductual es una disciplina que puede resultar útil para estudiar los aspectos implicados en la génesis y el mantenimiento de las conductas adictivas mediante la aplicación de los principios de la economía y la psicología. En el ámbito de las adicciones dicha disciplina ha mostrado ser útil para explicar y predecir su gravedad, pero también para el diseño de estrategias de prevención universal y selectiva y de programas de tratamiento. Sin embargo, el modelo descrito goza hoy de un gran desconocimiento entre los profesionales de la psicología. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los principios de la Economía conductual y acercar al lector a la metodología utilizada en este campo. Se presentan evidencias empíricas de su aplicación en el estudio de las conductas adictivas y se subrayan las aplicaciones clínicas para la evaluación, la prevención y el tratamiento psicológico.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Behavioral economics is a discipline that can be useful for studying the aspects involved in the genesis and maintenance of addictive behaviors through the application of the principles of economics and psychology. In the addictions field, this discipline has been beneficial not only in accounting for the severity of addictions, but also in designing universal and selective prevention strategies, as well as treatments. However, the described model remains largely unknown among psychologists. The aim of this work is to present the principles of behavioral economics and bring the reader closer to the methodology used in this field. Evidence is presented of its application in the understanding of addictive behaviors. Clinical implications for assessment, prevention, and psychological treatment are highlighted.

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          Most cited references53

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          Relative and absolute strength of response as a function of frequency of reinforcement.

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            Steep delay discounting and addictive behavior: a meta-analysis of continuous associations.

            To synthesize continuous associations between delayed reward discounting (DRD) and both addiction severity and quantity-frequency (QF); to examine moderators of these relationships; and to investigate publication bias.
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              The behavioral- and neuro-economic process of temporal discounting: A candidate behavioral marker of addiction.

              Addiction science would benefit from the identification of a behavioral marker. A behavioral marker could reflect the projected clinical course of the disorder, function as a surrogate measure of clinical outcome, and/or may be related to biological components that underlie the disorder. In this paper we review relevant literature, made possible with the early and sustained support by NIDA, to determine whether temporal discounting, a neurobehavioral process derived from behavioral economics and further explored through neuroeconomics, may function as a behavioral marker. Our review suggests that temporal discounting 1) identifies individuals who are drug-dependent, 2) identifies those at risk of developing drug dependence, 3) acts as a gauge of addiction severity, 4) correlates with all stages of addiction development, 5) changes with effective treatment, and 6) may be related to the biological and genetic processes that underlie addiction. Thus, initial evidence supports temporal discounting as a candidate behavioral marker. Additional studies will be required in several areas for a more conclusive determination. Confirmation that temporal discounting functions as a behavioral marker for addiction could lead to 1) a screen for new treatments, 2) personalization of prevention and treatment interventions, and 3) the extension of temporal discounting as a behavioral marker for other etiologically similar disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'NIDA 40th Anniversary Issue'. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pappsicol
                Papeles del Psicólogo
                Pap. Psicol.
                Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Psicólogos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0214-7823
                1886-1415
                August 2020
                : 41
                : 2
                : 91-98
                Affiliations
                [1] Asturias orgnameUniversidad de Oviedo Spain
                Article
                S0214-78232020000200091 S0214-7823(20)04100200091
                10.23923/pap.psicol2020.2922
                262dd5c2-c5c1-44b9-81e7-04f6b6847630

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 January 2020
                : 01 December 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 53, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos

                Assessment,Addictions,Reinforcer pathology,Behavioral economics,Tratamiento psicológico,Prevención,Evaluación,Adicciones,Patología del refuerzo,Economía conductual,Psychological treatment,Prevention

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