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      La transformación organizacional en los servicios de atención temprana en Castilla-La Mancha: hacia un enfoque centrado en la familia

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Se está produciendo un cambio en España, y a escala internacional, con respecto a la atención temprana y a la concepción de los/as niños/as y la discapacidad (Tamarit, 2015). Se está pasando de un enfoque clínico, basado en la rehabilitación y centrado en las/los niñas/os, a un enfoque más global, sistémico, ecológico, centrado en la familia y en los entornos naturales. Sin embargo, su alcance y generalización siguen siendo desiguales. En Castilla-La Mancha (una comunidad autónoma española) se está realizando un esfuerzo de transformación en este sentido. El presente estudio, a través de entrevistas en profundidad a agentes relevantes (familiares, personal de la Administración y profesionales que ocupaban los roles de coordinación y de gerencia en entidades de Plena inclusión Castilla-La Mancha) y el análisis de su contenido, ha indagado en los avances logrados en el proceso de transformación; los factores involucrados, tanto en la vida interna de los servicios y entidades como en el entorno externo; y los principales obstáculos y los retos pendientes. A partir de la información recabada, se propone un modelo que describe la transformación y que puede facilitar la transferencia de conocimiento a centros y comunidades que estén desarrollando (o se lo estén planteando) un proceso de transformación similar hacia un enfoque centrado en la familia.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: A change is taking place in Spain, and internationally, regarding early intervention and the conception of children and disability (Tamarit, 2015). It is moving from a clinical approach, based on the rehabilitation and focused on children, to a more global, systemic and ecological approach centered on the family and natural contexts. However, its scope and generalization remain irregular. In Castilla-La Mancha (a Spanish autonomous region), a transformation effort is being made in this regard. The present study, through in-depth interviews with relevant agents (family members, public administration staff, and professionals who perform coordination and management roles in organizations pertaining to "Plena inclusión Castilla-La Mancha") and the analysis of its content, has examined the following aspects: progress made in the transformation process; the factors involved, both in the internal life of the services and organizations and in the external environment; and the main obstacles and pending challenges. Based on the information collected, a model is proposed that describes the transformation, facilitating the transfer of knowledge to centers and communities that are developing (or considering it) a similar transformation process towards an approach centered on the family.

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          The use of triangulation in qualitative research.

          Triangulation refers to the use of multiple methods or data sources in qualitative research to develop a comprehensive understanding of phenomena (Patton, 1999). Triangulation also has been viewed as a qualitative research strategy to test validity through the convergence of information from different sources. Denzin (1978) and Patton (1999) identified four types of triangulation: (a) method triangulation, (b) investigator triangulation, (c) theory triangulation, and (d) data source triangulation. The current article will present the four types of triangulation followed by a discussion of the use of focus groups (FGs) and in-depth individual (IDI) interviews as an example of data source triangulation in qualitative inquiry.
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            Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis.

            Varying philosophical and theoretical orientations to qualitative inquiry remind us that issues of quality and credibility intersect with audience and intended research purposes. This overview examines ways of enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis by dealing with three distinct but related inquiry concerns: rigorous techniques and methods for gathering and analyzing qualitative data, including attention to validity, reliability, and triangulation; the credibility, competence, and perceived trustworthiness of the qualitative researcher; and the philosophical beliefs of evaluation users about such paradigm-based preferences as objectivity versus subjectivity, truth versus perspective, and generalizations versus extrapolations. Although this overview examines some general approaches to issues of credibility and data quality in qualitative analysis, it is important to acknowledge that particular philosophical underpinnings, specific paradigms, and special purposes for qualitative inquiry will typically include additional or substitute criteria for assuring and judging quality, validity, and credibility. Moreover, the context for these considerations has evolved. In early literature on evaluation methods the debate between qualitative and quantitative methodologists was often strident. In recent years the debate has softened. A consensus has gradually emerged that the important challenge is to match appropriately the methods to empirical questions and issues, and not to universally advocate any single methodological approach for all problems.
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              A method of analysing interview transcripts in qualitative research.

              P Burnard (1991)
              A method of analysing qualitative interview data is outlined as a stage-by-stage process. Some of the problems associated with the method are identified. The researcher in the field of qualitative work is urged to be systematic and open to the difficulties of the task of understanding other people's perceptions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                scero
                Siglo Cero
                Siglo Cero
                Universidad de Salamanca (Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain )
                0210-1696
                2530-0350
                March 2023
                : 54
                : 1
                : 89-113
                Affiliations
                [5] orgnameASPRONA España
                [1] orgnameUniversitat de València orgdiv1IDOCAL España
                [2] orgnameUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha Spain
                [3] orgnameFundación Fuente Agria España
                [6] orgnameUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha Spain
                [4] orgnameASODEMA. España
                Article
                S0210-16962023000100006 S0210-1696(23)05400100006
                10.14201/scero202354128047
                26423996-746c-4dac-9606-77a308299379

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 January 2022
                : 06 May 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 25
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos y Experiencias

                family centered early intervention,natural contexts,interviews,organizational transformation,transfer of knowledge,atención temprana centrada en la familia,entornos naturales,entrevistas,transformación organizacional,transferencia del conocimiento

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