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      Aerosol and Surface Distribution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Hospital Wards, Wuhan, China, 2020

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          Abstract

          To determine distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in hospital wards in Wuhan, China, we tested air and surface samples. Contamination was greater in intensive care units than general wards. Virus was widely distributed on floors, computer mice, trash cans, and sickbed handrails and was detected in air ≈4 m from patients.

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          COVID-19 and Italy: what next?

          Summary The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has already taken on pandemic proportions, affecting over 100 countries in a matter of weeks. A global response to prepare health systems worldwide is imperative. Although containment measures in China have reduced new cases by more than 90%, this reduction is not the case elsewhere, and Italy has been particularly affected. There is now grave concern regarding the Italian national health system's capacity to effectively respond to the needs of patients who are infected and require intensive care for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The percentage of patients in intensive care reported daily in Italy between March 1 and March 11, 2020, has consistently been between 9% and 11% of patients who are actively infected. The number of patients infected since Feb 21 in Italy closely follows an exponential trend. If this trend continues for 1 more week, there will be 30 000 infected patients. Intensive care units will then be at maximum capacity; up to 4000 hospital beds will be needed by mid-April, 2020. Our analysis might help political leaders and health authorities to allocate enough resources, including personnel, beds, and intensive care facilities, to manage the situation in the next few days and weeks. If the Italian outbreak follows a similar trend as in Hubei province, China, the number of newly infected patients could start to decrease within 3–4 days, departing from the exponential trend. However, this cannot currently be predicted because of differences between social distancing measures and the capacity to quickly build dedicated facilities in China.
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            Air, Surface Environmental, and Personal Protective Equipment Contamination by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) From a Symptomatic Patient

            This study documents results of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of environmental surfaces and personal protective equipment surrounding 3 COVID-19 patients in isolation rooms in a Singapore hospital.
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              Is Open Access

              Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice

              A novel β-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused severe and even fetal pneumonia explored in a seafood market of Wuhan city, Hubei province, China, and rapidly spread to other provinces of China and other countries. The 2019-nCoV was different from SARS-CoV, but shared the same host receptor the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The natural host of 2019-nCoV may be the bat Rhinolophus affinis as 2019-nCoV showed 96.2% of whole-genome identity to BatCoV RaTG13. The person-to-person transmission routes of 2019-nCoV included direct transmission, such as cough, sneeze, droplet inhalation transmission, and contact transmission, such as the contact with oral, nasal, and eye mucous membranes. 2019-nCoV can also be transmitted through the saliva, and the fetal–oral routes may also be a potential person-to-person transmission route. The participants in dental practice expose to tremendous risk of 2019-nCoV infection due to the face-to-face communication and the exposure to saliva, blood, and other body fluids, and the handling of sharp instruments. Dental professionals play great roles in preventing the transmission of 2019-nCoV. Here we recommend the infection control measures during dental practice to block the person-to-person transmission routes in dental clinics and hospitals.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Emerg Infect Dis
                Emerging Infect. Dis
                EID
                Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                1080-6040
                1080-6059
                July 2020
                : 26
                : 7
                : 1586-1591
                Affiliations
                [1]Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Z.-D. Guo, Z.-Y. Wang, S.-F. Zhang, X. Li, L. Li, Y.-Z. Dong, X.-Y. Chi, M.-Y. Zhang, C. Cao, K. Zhang, Y.-W. Gao, B. Lu, W. Chen);
                [2]Institute of Medical Support Technology, Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, China (C. Li);
                [3]Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y. Cui, R.-B. Fu, B. Liu);
                [4]Central Theater General Hospital, Wuhan (K. Liu)
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Wei Chen, Bing Lu, and Yu-Wei Gao, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, China; email: cw0226@ 123456foxmail.com , lubing@ 123456nic.bmi.ac.cn , and gaoyuwei@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                20-0885
                10.3201/eid2607.200885
                7323510
                32275497
                26606953-389c-49df-8620-753763834d6d
                History
                Categories
                Dispatch
                Dispatch
                Aerosol and Surface Distribution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Hospital Wards, Wuhan, China, 2020

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                covid-19,2019 novel coronavirus disease,coronavirus disease,sars-cov-2,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,viruses,respiratory infections,zoonoses,exposure risk,medical staff protection,hospital-associated infection,aerosol,wuhan,china

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