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      Genistein Blunted Detrimental Effects of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome on the Ovarian Tissue of Rats by Improving Follicular Development and Gonadotropin Secretion

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          Abstract

          Objective

          Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of female infertility worldwide. It has been shown that genistein, a natural isoflavone, may influence follicular competence via the production of gonadotropins in women with PCOS. The current study aims to evaluate the effects of genistein on the ovarian tissue of rats with PCOS.

          Methods

          Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: Control; PCOS (rats received 2 mg/kbW estradiol valerate); Genistein (rats given 1 mg/kg BW of genistein for 14 days); and Genistein + PCOS. All animals were slaughtered under anesthesia and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Follicular morphology was analyzed based on histologic examination.

          Results

          Histologic examination exhibited enhanced follicular atresia at various stages in the rats with PCOS compared to controls ( p<0.001). Induction of PCOS caused significant reduction in gonadotropin levels and steroid hormone levels consistent with insulin resistance ( p<0.01). Data showed that 14-day administration of genistein might improve follicular morphology in rats with PCOS ( p<0.001). Genistein treatment increased the production of gonadotropins and steroid hormones and alleviated insulin resistance in Rats with PCOS ( p<0.001).

          Conclusions

          This study indicated that genistein treatment exerted a beneficial effect on the ovarian tissue of rats with PCOS by improving follicular growth and hormone balance.

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          Most cited references46

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          Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man.

          D. Matthews, J Hosker, A Rudenski … (1985)
          The steady-state basal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations are determined by their interaction in a feedback loop. A computer-solved model has been used to predict the homeostatic concentrations which arise from varying degrees beta-cell deficiency and insulin resistance. Comparison of a patient's fasting values with the model's predictions allows a quantitative assessment of the contributions of insulin resistance and deficient beta-cell function to the fasting hyperglycaemia (homeostasis model assessment, HOMA). The accuracy and precision of the estimate have been determined by comparison with independent measures of insulin resistance and beta-cell function using hyperglycaemic and euglycaemic clamps and an intravenous glucose tolerance test. The estimate of insulin resistance obtained by homeostasis model assessment correlated with estimates obtained by use of the euglycaemic clamp (Rs = 0.88, p less than 0.0001), the fasting insulin concentration (Rs = 0.81, p less than 0.0001), and the hyperglycaemic clamp, (Rs = 0.69, p less than 0.01). There was no correlation with any aspect of insulin-receptor binding. The estimate of deficient beta-cell function obtained by homeostasis model assessment correlated with that derived using the hyperglycaemic clamp (Rs = 0.61, p less than 0.01) and with the estimate from the intravenous glucose tolerance test (Rs = 0.64, p less than 0.05). The low precision of the estimates from the model (coefficients of variation: 31% for insulin resistance and 32% for beta-cell deficit) limits its use, but the correlation of the model's estimates with patient data accords with the hypothesis that basal glucose and insulin interactions are largely determined by a simple feed back loop.
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            The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population.

            Ricardo Azziz, Keslie Woods, Rosario Reyna … (2004)
            Notwithstanding the potential public health impact of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), estimates regarding its prevalence are limited and unclear. Between July 1998 and October 1999, 400 unselected consecutive premenopausal women (18-45 yr of age) seeking a preemployment physical at the University of Alabama at Birmingham were studied (223 Black, 166 White, and 11 of other races). Evaluation included a history and physical examination, a modified Ferriman-Gallwey hirsutism score, and serum screening for hyperandrogenemia, hyperprolactinemia, and 21-hydroxylase-deficient nonclassical adrenal hyperplasia. PCOS was diagnosed by the presence of the following: 1) oligoovulation, 2) hyperandrogenemia and/or hirsutism (modified Ferriman-Gallwey score > or = 6), and 3) the exclusion of related disorders. Confirmed PCOS was established in those individuals whose evaluation was complete and indicative of PCOS, and possible PCOS was established when the hormonal evaluation was not complete or was unavailable, but the clinical phenotype was otherwise suggestive of the disorder. The individual probability of PCOS in women with possible PCOS was assigned a weight based on the findings in similar subjects whose evaluation was complete, and the total number of PCOS cases arising from these individuals was calculated (i.e. individual probability of PCOS x total number of subjects in the group). The cumulative prevalence of PCOS in our population was 6.6% (26.5 of 400), including 15 subjects among the 347 women completing their evaluation and a calculated prevalence of 11.5 subjects among the remainder. The prevalence rates of PCOS for Black and White women were 8.0 and 4.8%, respectively, not significantly different. These data from a large representative unselected population support the concept that PCOS is the most common endocrine abnormality of reproductive-aged women in the United States.
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              Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

              Ricardo Azziz (2018)
              Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent disorder, representing the single most common endocrine-metabolic disorder in reproductive-aged women. Currently there are four recognized phenotypes of PCOS: 1) hyperandrogenism+oligo-anovulation+polycystic ovarian morphology; 2) hyperandrogenism+oligo-anovulation; 3) hyperandrogenism+polycystic ovarian morphology; and 4) oligo-anovulation+polycystic ovarian morphology, each with different long-term health and metabolic implications. Clinicians should clearly denote a patient's phenotype when making the diagnosis of PCOS. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a highly inherited complex polygenic, multifactorial disorder. Pathophysiologically abnormalities in gonadotropin secretion or action, ovarian folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, insulin secretion or action, and adipose tissue function, among others, have been described in PCOS. Women with PCOS are at increased risk for glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus; hepatic steatosis and metabolic syndrome; hypertension, dyslipidemia, vascular thrombosis, cerebrovascular accidents, and possibly cardiovascular events; subfertility and obstetric complications; endometrial atypia or carcinoma, and possibly ovarian malignancy; and mood and psychosexual disorders. The evaluation of patients suspected of having PCOS includes a thorough history and physical examination, assessment for the presence of hirsutism, ovarian ultrasonography, and hormonal testing to confirm hyperandrogenism and oligo-anovulation as needed and to exclude similar or mimicking disorders. Therapeutic decisions in PCOS depend on the patients' phenotype, concerns, and goals, and should focus on 1) suppressing and counteracting androgen secretion and action, 2) improving metabolic status, and 3) improving fertility. However, despite significant progress in understanding the pathophysiology and diagnosis of the disorder over the past 20 years, the disorder remains underdiagnosed and misunderstood by many practitioners.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): JBRA Assist Reprod
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): JBRA Assist Reprod
                Journal ID (publisher-id): jbra
                Title: JBRA Assisted Reproduction
                Publisher: Brazilian Society of Assisted Reproduction
                ISSN (Print): 1517-5693
                ISSN (Electronic): 1518-0557
                Publication date (Print and electronic): Jul-Sep 2022
                Publication date (Print): Jul-Sep 2022
                Volume: 26
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 379-386
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
                [2 ] Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
                [3 ] Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Ali Abedelah Department of Anatomical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran E-mail: abedelahia@ 123456tbzmed.ac.ir
                Article
                DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20210089
                PMC ID: 9355440
                PubMed ID: 34995042
                SO-VID: 266fb2a2-8e97-4e4d-b7f4-464db6a952f5
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 28 March 2021
                Date accepted : 30 September 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: genistein,polycystic,ovarian tissue,follicular competence,gonadotropins
                Data availability:
                Keywords: genistein, polycystic, ovarian tissue, follicular competence, gonadotropins

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