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      Host Specificity and Ecology of Digenean Parasites of Nassariid Gastropods in Central Queensland, Australia, with Comments on Host-Parasite Associations of the Nassariidae

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          Abstract

          Nassariid gastropods are well represented in Australia, and Nassarius dorsatus (Röding), Nassarius olivaceus (Bruguière), and Nassarius pullus (Linnaeus) are common in the intertidal mangroves of the Capricornia region in Central Queensland. A survey of the digenean trematode fauna of nassariids of the region revealed cercariae of 12 species from six trematode families associated with these gastropods. Six species of Acanthocolpidae were found, including three putative species of the genus Stephanostomum. Additionally, two species of Himasthlidae and one species each of Microphallidae, Opecoelidae, Zoogonidae, and Lepocreadiidae were identified. The majority of the trematode species identified were found in only one host species; only four infected more than one species of nassariid. Sixteen new host-parasite combinations were added to the fauna known to infect the Nassariidae. Broader examination of host-parasite associations shows that families using nassariids commonly as first intermediate host are the Acanthocolpidae, Lepocreadiidae, and Zoogonidae, as well as Himasthla spp. from the Himasthlidae. Nassariid gastropods are also the dominant marine first intermediate hosts for the Acanthocolpidae, Lepocreadiidae, and Zoogonidae and one of the three most common first intermediate host families for marine Himasthla spp.

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          Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families

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            Host diversity begets parasite diversity: bird final hosts and trematodes in snail intermediate hosts.

            An unappreciated facet of biodiversity is that rich communities and high abundance may foster parasitism. For parasites that sequentially use different host species throughout complex life cycles, parasite diversity and abundance in 'downstream' hosts should logically increase with the diversity and abundance of 'upstream' hosts (which carry the preceding stages of parasites). Surprisingly, this logical assumption has little empirical support, especially regarding metazoan parasites. Few studies have attempted direct tests of this idea and most have lacked the appropriate scale of investigation. In two different studies, we used time-lapse videography to quantify birds at fine spatial scales, and then related bird communities to larval trematode communities in snail populations sampled at the same small spatial scales. Species richness, species heterogeneity and abundance of final host birds were positively correlated with species richness, species heterogeneity and abundance of trematodes in host snails. Such community-level interactions have rarely been demonstrated and have implications for community theory, epidemiological theory and ecosystem management.
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              Spatial heterogeneity in recruitment of larval trematodes to snail intermediate hosts

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Yale J Biol Med
                Yale J Biol Med
                yjbm
                YJBM
                The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
                YJBM
                0044-0086
                1551-4056
                21 December 2018
                December 2018
                : 91
                : 4
                : 361-374
                Affiliations
                [a ]Central Queensland University, School of Access Education, Bruce Highway, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
                [b ]Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
                [c ]Aquatic Animal Health Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
                Author notes
                [* ]To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Leonie J. Barnett, School of Access Education, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton Q 4702; Tel: 61 7 49309975, Email: l.barnett@ 123456cqu.edu.au .
                Article
                yjbm914361
                6302616
                26f79ebc-024d-46dd-b2ae-7d70dda894c3
                Copyright ©2018, Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License, which permits for noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any digital medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not altered in any way.

                History
                Categories
                Original Contribution
                Focus: Ecology and Evolution

                Medicine
                cercaria,nassariidae,digenea,lepocreadiidae,zoogonidae,acanthocolpidae
                Medicine
                cercaria, nassariidae, digenea, lepocreadiidae, zoogonidae, acanthocolpidae

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