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      Heterologous Expression of Biopreservative Bacteriocins With a View to Low Cost Production

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          Abstract

          Bacteriocins, a heterogenous group of antibacterial ribosomally synthesized peptides, have potential as bio-preservatives in in a wide range of foods and as future therapeutics for the inhibition of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. While many bacteriocins have been characterized, several factors limit their production in large quantities, a requirement to make them commercially viable for food or pharma applications. The identification of new bacteriocins by database mining has been promising, but their potential is difficult to evaluate in the absence of suitable expression systems. E. coli has been used as a heterologous host to produce recombinant proteins for decades and has an extensive set of expression vectors and strains available. Here, we review the different expression systems for bacteriocin production using this host and identify the most important features to guarantee successful production of a range of bacteriocins.

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          Most cited references89

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          Bacteriocins: developing innate immunity for food.

          Bacteriocins are bacterially produced antimicrobial peptides with narrow or broad host ranges. Many bacteriocins are produced by food-grade lactic acid bacteria, a phenomenon which offers food scientists the possibility of directing or preventing the development of specific bacterial species in food. This can be particularly useful in preservation or food safety applications, but also has implications for the development of desirable flora in fermented food. In this sense, bacteriocins can be used to confer a rudimentary form of innate immunity to foodstuffs, helping processors extend their control over the food flora long after manufacture.
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            Overview of bacterial expression systems for heterologous protein production: from molecular and biochemical fundamentals to commercial systems.

            Kay Terpe (2006)
            During the proteomics period, the growth in the use of recombinant proteins has increased greatly in the recent years. Bacterial systems remain most attractive due to low cost, high productivity, and rapid use. However, the rational choice of the adequate promoter system and host for a specific protein of interest remains difficult. This review gives an overview of the most commonly used systems: As hosts, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Caulobacter crescentus, other strains, and, most importantly, Escherichia coli BL21 and E. coli K12 and their derivatives are presented. On the promoter side, the main features of the l-arabinose inducible araBAD promoter (PBAD), the lac promoter, the l-rhamnose inducible rhaP BAD promoter, the T7 RNA polymerase promoter, the trc and tac promoter, the lambda phage promoter p L , and the anhydrotetracycline-inducible tetA promoter/operator are summarized.
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              Proteases and their targets in Escherichia coli.

              Proteolysis in Escherichia coli serves to rid the cell of abnormal and misfolded proteins and to limit the time and amounts of availability of critical regulatory proteins. Most intracellular proteolysis is initiated by energy-dependent proteases, including Lon, ClpXP, and HflB; HflB is the only essential E. coli protease. The ATPase domains of these proteases mediate substrate recognition. Recognition elements in target are not well defined, but are probably not specific amino acid sequences. Naturally unstable protein substrates include the regulatory sigma factors for heat shock and stationary phase gene expression, sigma 32 and RpoS. Other cellular proteins serve as environmental sensors that modulate the availability of the unstable proteins to the proteases, resulting in rapid changes in sigma factor levels and therefore in gene transcription. Many of the specific proteases found in E. coli are well-conserved in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and serve critical functions in developmental systems.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Microbiol
                Front Microbiol
                Front. Microbiol.
                Frontiers in Microbiology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-302X
                26 July 2018
                2018
                : 9
                : 1654
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Teagasc Food Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark , Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
                [2] 2APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland
                [3] 3School of Microbiology, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland
                [4] 4College of Science Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland
                Author notes

                Edited by: Fliss Ismail, Laval University, Canada

                Reviewed by: Giuseppe Spano, University of Foggia, Italy; José María Landete, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Spain

                *Correspondence: R. Paul Ross p.ross@ 123456ucc.ie

                This article was submitted to Food Microbiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology

                Article
                10.3389/fmicb.2018.01654
                6070625
                30093889
                271fd96c-20de-43eb-af43-8c508050f8a7
                Copyright © 2018 Mesa-Pereira, Rea, Cotter, Hill and Ross.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 27 March 2018
                : 02 July 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 97, Pages: 15, Words: 10617
                Funding
                Funded by: Science Foundation Ireland 10.13039/501100001602
                Award ID: SFI/12/RC/2273
                Categories
                Microbiology
                Review

                Microbiology & Virology
                bacteriocins,heterologous expression,e. coli,vectors,strains
                Microbiology & Virology
                bacteriocins, heterologous expression, e. coli, vectors, strains

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