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      Incidence of New Stroke or New Myocardial Infarction or Death at 39-Month Follow-Up in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension or Both with and without Microalbuminuria

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          Abstract

          We investigated in 306 patients, mean age 57 ± 10 years, with diabetes mellitus (202 patients) or hypertension (179 patients) whether microalbuminuria was a significant independent risk factor for the development of new stroke or new myocardial infarction (MI) or death. At 39-month follow-up, new stroke or new MI or death developed in 44 of 111 patients (40%) with microalbuminuria and in 38 of 195 patients (19%) without microalbuminuria (p = 0.0001). Stepwise Cox regression analysis showed that significant independent predictors of the time to development of new stroke or new MI or death were (1) diabetes (risk ratio = 1.76), (2) left ventricular (LV) mass index (risk ratio = 1.020 for each 1 g/m<sup>2</sup> increase), (3) prior stroke (risk ratio = 5.39), and (4) prior MI (risk ratio = 3.29). Microalbuminuria was not a significant independent predictor of new stroke or new MI or death, but LV mass index, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke, and prior MI were significant independent predictors.

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          Congestive heart failure, coronary events and atherothrombotic brain infarction in elderly blacks and whites with systemic hypertension and with and without echocardiographic and electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy.

          Hypertension was present in 50% of 196 blacks and in 36% of 382 whites (p less than 0.001). A prospective study of 84 elderly blacks (70% women) and 326 elderly whites (73% women) with hypertension correlated echocardiographic and electrocardiographic left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy with incidences of congestive heart failure (CHF), coronary events and atherothrombotic brain infarction (ABI). Echocardiographic LV hypertrophy (p less than 0.02) and concentric LV hypertrophy (p less than 0.001) were more prevalent in hypertensive blacks than in hypertensive whites. Hypertensive blacks were younger (78 +/- 9 years) than hypertensive whites (82 +/- 7 years) (p less than 0.001). Other coronary risk factors were similar, except for higher serum triglycerides in whites than in blacks (p less than 0.02). Follow-up was 37 +/- 18 months in blacks and 43 +/- 18 months in whites (p less than 0.01). Incidences of CHF and coronary events were not significantly different in blacks and whites. ABI incidence was 38% in blacks and 21% in whites (p less than 0.005). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that prior CHF (p = 0.000), concentric LV hypertrophy (p = 0.018) and echocardiographic LV hypertrophy (p = 0.022) were independent risk factors for CHF. Echocardiographic LV hypertrophy (p = 0.001), serum total cholesterol (p = 0.002), concentric LV hypertrophy (p = 0.005) and prior coronary artery disease (p = 0.042) were independent risk factors for coronary events. Prior ABI (p = 0.001), echocardiographic LV hypertrophy (p = 0.001) and electrocardiographic LV hypertrophy (p = 0.034) were independent risk factors for ABI.
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            Microalbuminuria is associated with unfavourable cardiac geometric adaptations in essential hypertensive subjects

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              Blood pressure independent association of microalbuminuria and left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive men.

              Rather unique amongst the prognostic predictors, microalbuminuria (MA, albuminuria: 15-200 microg min-1) is associated with several cardiovascular risk factors including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The relationship, usually assumed to reflect an increased blood pressure (BP) load on the heart and the kidney, may, however, represent more than a haemodynamic correlate. To evaluate this possibility, we related MA to left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and other functional and structural echocardiographic parameters, office and 24-h BP, weight, lipids and smoking status in 330 never treated nondiabetic hypertensive men. The risk of MA increased linearly by ascending quartiles of LVMI and was 2.3-fold higher in the presence of LVH after adjustment for age, left atrial size, mean fractional shortening. Systolic BP, either office or 24 h, and smoking status were the only additional independent predictors in multivariate logistic regression models. The BP-adjusted risk of MA was about twofold higher in patients with LVH, either concentric or eccentric, and neutral in those with concentric remodelling compared with normal geometry. The association between elevated LVMI and MA independent of several other potential confounders, systolic BP in particular, is consistent with the existence of cardiac albuminuric factors, possibly of hormonal nature, which are to be identified more precisely. The extent to which LVH explains the predictive power of MA for morbid events independent of the BP load remains unknown.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                CRD
                Cardiology
                10.1159/issn.0008-6312
                Cardiology
                S. Karger AG
                0008-6312
                1421-9751
                2008
                December 2007
                10 July 2007
                : 109
                : 1
                : 62-65
                Affiliations
                aDepartment of Medicine, Cardiology Division, New York Medical College, Valhalla, N.Y., and bDepartment of Medicine, University of Texas School of Medicine at Houston, Houston, Tex., USA
                Article
                105327 Cardiology 2008;109:62–65
                10.1159/000105327
                17627110
                27245597-0486-4af5-833e-7cc2c09aa7a6
                © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                : 12 October 2006
                : 06 December 2006
                Page count
                Tables: 3, References: 10, Pages: 4
                Categories
                Original Research

                General medicine,Neurology,Cardiovascular Medicine,Internal medicine,Nephrology
                Diabetes mellitus,Hypertension,Microalbuminuria,Stroke,Myocardial infarction,Left ventricular hypertrophy

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