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      Correlation of Insulin Resistance with Anthropometric Measures and Blood Pressure in Adolescents

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          Abstract

          Background

          Blood pressure is directly related to body mass index, and individuals with increased waist circumference have higher risk of developing hypertension, insulin resistance, and other metabolic changes, since adolescence.

          Objective

          to evaluate the correlation of blood pressure with insulin resistance, waist circumference and body mass index in adolescents.

          Methods

          Cross-section study on a representative sample of adolescent students. One group of adolescents with altered blood pressure detected by casual blood pressure and/or home blood pressure monitoring (blood pressure > 90 th percentile) and one group of normotensive adolescents were studied. Body mass index, waist circumference were measured, and fasting glucose and plasma insulin levels were determined, using the HOMA-IR index to identify insulin resistance.

          Results

          A total of 162 adolescents (35 with normal blood pressure and 127 with altered blood pressure) were studied; 61% (n = 99) of them were boys and the mean age was 14.9 ± 1.62 years. Thirty-eight (23.5%) adolescents had altered HOMA-IR. The group with altered blood pressure had higher values of waist circumference, body mass index and HOMA-IR (p<0.05). Waist circumference was higher among boys in both groups (p<0.05) and girls with altered blood pressure had higher HOMA-IR than boys (p<0.05). There was a significant moderate correlation between body mass index and HOMA-IR in the group with altered blood pressure (ρ = 0.394; p < 0.001), and such correlation was stronger than in the normotensive group. There was also a significant moderate correlation between waist circumference and HOMA-IR in both groups (ρ = 0.345; p < 0.05). Logistic regression showed that HOMA-IR was as predictor of altered blood pressure (odds ratio - OR = 2.0; p = 0.001).

          Conclusion

          There was a significant association of insulin resistance with blood pressure and the impact of insulin resistance on blood pressure since childhood. The correlation and association between markers of cardiovascular diseases was more pronounced in adolescents with altered blood pressure, suggesting that primary prevention strategies for cardiovascular risk factors should be early implemented in childhood and adolescence.

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          Most cited references80

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          Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee.

          Anthropometry provides the single most portable, universally applicable, inexpensive and non-invasive technique for assessing the size, proportions, and composition of the human body. It reflects both health and nutritional status and predicts performance, health, and survival. As such, it is a valuable, but currently underused, tool for guiding public health policy and clinical decisions. This report presents the conclusions and comprehensive recommendations of a WHO Expert Committee for the present and future uses and interpretation of anthropometry. In a section that sets the technical framework for the report, the significance of anthropometric indicators and indices is explained and the principles of applied biostatistics and epidemiology that underlie their various uses are discussed. Subsequent sections provide detailed guidance on the use and interpretation of anthropometric measurements in pregnant and lactating women, newborn infants, infants and children, adolescents, overweight and thin adults, and adults aged 60 years and over. With a similar format for each section, the report assesses specific applications of anthropometry in individuals and populations for purposes of screening and for targeting and evaluating interventions. Advice on data management and analysis is offered, and methods of taking particular measurements are described. Each section also includes a discussion of the extent, reliability and universal relevance of existing reference data. An extensive series of reference data recommended by the Expert Committee and not widely distributed by WHO hitherto is included in an annex.
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            Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Arq Bras Cardiol
                Arq. Bras. Cardiol
                abc
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia
                Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC
                0066-782X
                1678-4170
                April 2016
                April 2016
                : 106
                : 4
                : 319-326
                Affiliations
                [1]Liga de Hipertensão Arterial/Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), GO - Brazil
                Author notes
                Mailing Address: Paulo César Brandão Veiga Jardim , Rua 115F 135 Setor Sul Goiânia - GO. Postal Code 74085-300. Liga de Hipertensão Arterial/HC/UFG, Goiânia, GO - Brazil. E-mail: polyana.morais@ 123456hotmail.com , fvjardim@ 123456terra.com.br
                Article
                10.5935/abc.20160041
                4845705
                27007222
                275700d5-b043-4260-b3ed-6e0ae516d3b9

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 17 August 2015
                : 11 November 2015
                : 19 November 2015
                Categories
                Original Article

                blood pressure,body mass index,insulin resistance,anthropometry,adolescent

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