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      Stereological comparison of intraprostatic injection of alcohol and bleomycin with finasteride gavages in rats

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Resection of the prostate is one of the standard surgical treatments for symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). To evaluate minimally invasive treatments, intraprostatic injections of ethanol and bleomycin were compared with oral finasteride administration in rats with BPH.

          Material and methods

          The rats were divided into six groups. The control rats received no BPH/no treatment. BPH was induced using injections of testosterone (2 mg/day/rat for 4 weeks) in groups II–VI. After 4 weeks, Group II received no treatment while Group III received oral finasteride (10 mg/kg/day).

          Moreover, Groups IV–VI received a single injection of ethanol (95%), bleomycin (5 mg/kg) and normal saline 25 mm 3 in each ventral lobe of the prostate respectively. Two weeks after the injections, the ventral lobes underwent a quantitative stereological study.

          Results

          The volume of the ventral lobes, glandular epithelium, fibromuscular tissue and microvessles increased by 1.7, 3.1, 2.4 and 1.6 times in BPH rats respectively (P <0.01). Alcohol or bleomycin injection in PBH rats induced drastic recession of the increased volume of the ventral lobe, glandular epithelium and fibromuscular tissue (P <0.01). Regarding the BPH+alcohol group, the glandular epithelium volume restored to the normal values of the control rats (P <0.01). BPH+finasteride also incited an atrophic change in the volume of the whole prostate and glandular epithelium, but not the fibromuscular tissue and microvessels (P <0.01).

          Conclusions

          Injection of alcohol and bleomycin (approximately 10% of the volume of ventral prostatic) as well as consuming finasteride can induce a reduction of 1/3, 1/4 and 1/5 in the hypertrophied gland respectively.

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          Adverse side effects of 5α-reductase inhibitors therapy: persistent diminished libido and erectile dysfunction and depression in a subset of patients.

          Robin Hansen, Andre T Guay, Abdulmaged M. Traish … (2011)
          5α-reductase inhibitors (5α-RIs), finasteride and dutasteride, have been approved for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms, due to benign prostatic hyperplasia, with marked clinical efficacy. Finasteride is also approved for treatment of hair loss (androgenetic alopecia). Although the adverse side effects of these agents are thought to be minimal, the magnitude of adverse effects on sexual function, gynecomastia, depression, and quality of life remains ill-defined. The goal of this review is to discuss 5α-RIs therapy, the potential persistent side effects, and the possible mechanisms responsible for these undesirable effects. We examined data reported in various clinical studies from the available literature concerning the side effects of finasteride and dutasteride. Data reported in the literature were reviewed and discussed. Results.  Prolonged adverse effects on sexual function such as erectile dysfunction and diminished libido are reported by a subset of men, raising the possibility of a causal relationship. We suggest discussion with patients on the potential sexual side effects of 5α-RIs before commencing therapy. Alternative therapies may be considered in the discussion, especially when treating androgenetic alopecia. © 2010 International Society for Sexual Medicine.
          Article 0 comments Cited 65 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Oxidative stress in prostate hyperplasia and carcinogenesis

            Udensi K Udensi, Paul Tchounwou (2016)
            Prostatic hyperplasia (PH) is a common urologic disease that affects mostly elderly men. PH can be classified as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or prostate cancer (PCa) based on its severity. Oxidative stress (OS) is known to influence the activities of inflammatory mediators and other cellular processes involved in the initiation, promotion and progression of human neoplasms including prostate cancer. Scientific evidence also suggests that micronutrient supplementation may restore the antioxidant status and hence improve the clinical outcomes for patients with BPH and PCa. This review highlights the recent studies on prostate hyperplasia and carcinogenesis, and examines the role of OS on the molecular pathology of prostate cancer progression and treatment.
            Article 0 comments Cited 55 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              GreenLight laser vaporization of the prostate: single-center experience and long-term results after 500 procedures.

              Robin Ruszat, Michael Seitz, Stephen F Wyler … (2008)
              Long-term data of photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is scanty. Evaluate the long-term efficacy and the complication rate in 80-watt (W) PVP. 500 consecutive patients with LUTS secondary to BPH underwent PVP between September 2002 and April 2007. The mean follow-up was 30.6+/-16.6 (5.2-60.6) mo. All patients underwent 80-W PVP performed by seven surgeons. We evaluated perioperative parameters, including operation time, delivered energy, changes of hemoglobin and serum sodium, catheterization, and hospitalization time as well as intraoperative and postoperative complications. Patients presenting for follow-up had data assessed on the International Prostate Symptom Score and quality-of-life questionnaire (IPPS-QoL), maximal flow rate (Q(max)), and post-voiding residual volume (Vres). Mean patient age was 71.4+/-9.6 (46-96) yr, with a mean preoperative prostate volume of 56.1+/-25.3 (10-180) ml. Mean operation time was 66.4+/-26.8 (10-160) min, and mean energy delivery was 206+/-94 (2.4-619.0) kJ. Despite ongoing oral anticoagulation in 45% of the patients (n=225), no severe intraoperative complications were observed. Mean catheterization and postoperative hospitalization time was 1.8+/-1.2 (0-10) and 3.7+/-2.9 (0-35) d, respectively. The mean IPSS after 3 yr was 8.0+/-6.2, the QoL score was 1.3+/-1.3, the Q(max) was 18.4+/-8.0 ml/s, and the Vres was 28+/-42 ml. The retreatment rate was 6.8%. Urethral and bladder neck strictures were observed in 4.4% and 3.6% of the patients, respectively. Localized prostate cancer was diagnosed during follow-up in six patients. PVP is a safe and effective procedure for treatment of LUTS secondary to BPH. Patients on ongoing oral anticoagulation can be safely operated on. PVP leads to an immediate and sustained improvement of subjective and objective voiding parameters. The late complication rate is comparable to that of transurethral electroresection of the prostate.
              Article 0 comments Cited 33 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cent European J Urol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cent European J Urol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CEJU
                Title: Central European Journal of Urology
                Publisher: Polish Urological Association
                ISSN (Print): 2080-4806
                ISSN (Electronic): 2080-4873
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 April 2017
                Publication date (Print): 30 June 2017
                Volume: 70
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 163-169
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Urology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
                [2 ]Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
                [3 ]Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
                [4 ]Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
                Author notes
                Corresponding author Ali Noorafshan, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, 71348-45794 Shiraz, Iran. phone: 987112304372 ext. 0. noora@ 123456sums.ac.ir
                Article
                Publisher ID: 01211
                DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2017.1211
                PMC ID: 5510340
                SO-VID: 2775da93-5946-4fba-ada3-7f4b8a9f2b50
                Copyright © Copyright by Polish Urological Association
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.

                History
                Date received : 26 December 2016
                Date revision received : 03 April 2017
                Date accepted : 10 April 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper

                Keywords: ethanol,finasteride,bleomycin,prostatic hypertrophy,stereology,rats
                Data availability:
                Keywords: ethanol, finasteride, bleomycin, prostatic hypertrophy, stereology, rats

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