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      EVALUACIÓN DE LA TOXICIDAD DE DOS AGROQUÍMICOS, ROUNDUP® ACTIVO Y COSMO-FLUX®411F, EN RENACUAJOS DE ANUROS COLOMBIANOS Translated title: Toxicity Assesment of Two Agrochemicals, Roundup® Active and Cosmo-Flux®411F, to Colombian Anuran Tadpoles

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          Abstract

          El Roundup® Activo es un herbicida elaborado a base de glifosato ampliamente utilizado en Colombia para el control de malezas. Sin embargo, para su aplicación requiere ser mezclado con un coadyuvante que facilite su acción, tal como el Cosmo-Flux®411F el cual mejora la adherencia y fijación del herbicida en las hojas de las plantas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la concentración letal media (CL50) y algunos efectos subletales (cambios en el tamaño corporal y en el desempeño natatorio) del Roundup® Activo y del Cosmo-Flux®411F en renacuajos de cuatro especies de anuros colombianos expuestos bajo condiciones controladas de laboratorio y en microcosmos. La especie más sensible a la exposición del Roundup® Activo fue Hypsiboas crepitans (Laboratorio: CL50 = 1414 µg a.e. de glifosato/L y microcosmos: CL50= 4 kg a.e. de glifosato/ha) y para el Cosmo-Flux®411F Rhinella humboldti (Laboratorio: CL50= 319 mg/L y microcosmos: CL50 = 632,3 L/ha). En laboratorio y microcosmos, la exposición al Roundup® Activo no alteró el tamaño corporal ni el desempeño natatorio de los renacuajos, mientras que el Cosmo-Flux®411F generó alteraciones del tamaño corporal pero no afectó el desempeño natatorio. Al comparar los CL50 de los dos agroquímicos con las concentraciones empleadas en campo, el Roundup® Activo generó un riesgo moderado mientras que el Cosmo-Flux®411F no resultó letal. Además, el Roundup® Activo fue notablemente más tóxico que el Cosmo-Flux®411F.

          Translated abstract

          Roundup® Active is an herbicide based on glyphosate widely used in Colombia for control of illicit crops and weeds. However, it must be mixed with an adjuvant that facilitates its action, such as the Cosmo-Flux®411F which improves the adhesion and fixation of the herbicide into the leaves of the plants. The aim of this study was to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) and some sublethal effects (changes in body size and swimming performance) of the Roundup® Active and the Cosmo-Flux®411F to tadpoles of four Colombian anuran species exposed under laboratory and microcosm conditions. The most sensitive species to exposure of Roundup® Active was Hypsiboas crepitans (Laboratory: LC50= 1414 µg a.e. glyphosate/L; microcosm: LC50= 4 kg a.e. glyphosate/ha), and for Cosmo-Flux®411F was Rhinella humboldti (Laboratory: LC50= 319 mg/L; microcosm: LC50= 632.3 L/ha). In laboratory and microcosms, Roundup® Active did not alter the tadpole body size nor the swimming performance, while the Cosmo-Flux®411F generated changes in the body size but not in the swimming performance. Comparing the LC50 of the two agrochemicals with respect to concentrations used in field, the Roundup® Active exerted a moderate risk whereas the Cosmo-Flux®411F was not lethal. In addition, the Roundup® Active was notably more toxic than the Cosmo-Flux®411F.

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          A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification

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            THE LETHAL IMPACT OF ROUNDUP ON AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL AMPHIBIANS

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              Growth and survival of five amphibian species exposed to combinations of pesticides.

              The global decline of amphibians has sparked interest in the role that pesticides may play. Pesticides in nature typically exist in combinations, but given the vast number of chemicals used, most toxicological experiments necessarily have examined one pesticide at a time. I examined how four commercial formulations of pesticides (diazinon, carbaryl, malathion, and glyphosate) affected the survival and growth of five larval amphibian species (Rana pipiens, R. clamitans, R. catesbeiana, Bufo americanus, and Hyla versicolor) when alone (at 1 or 2 mg/L of active ingredient) and in pairwise combinations (1 mg/L of each pesticide). At 1 mg/L, the pesticides reduced survival in 5% of the 20 species-pesticide comparisons and reduced growth in 35% of the comparisons. At 2 mg/L, the pesticides had more widespread effects, reducing survival in 35% of the 20 species-pesticide comparisons and reducing growth in 70% of comparisons. Combined pesticides occasionally caused lower survival and growth than either pesticide alone, but the effects were never larger than the more deadly of the two pesticides alone at 2 mg/L. This suggests that the impact of combining these four pesticides is similar to that predicted by the total concentration of pesticides in the system.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abc
                Acta Biológica Colombiana
                Acta biol.Colomb.
                Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología (Bogotá )
                0120-548X
                May 2015
                : 20
                : 2
                : 153-161
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad del Tolima Colombia
                Article
                S0120-548X2015000200015
                10.15446/abc.v20n2.43492
                278c3c48-0440-49e3-bd21-b8d0f4781372

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0120-548X&lng=en
                Categories
                BIOLOGY

                General life sciences
                amphibians,glyphosate,LC50,sublethal effects,anfibios,CL50,efectos subletales,glifosato
                General life sciences
                amphibians, glyphosate, LC50, sublethal effects, anfibios, CL50, efectos subletales, glifosato

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