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      Spatiotemporal Pattern of Fine Particulate Matter and Impact of Urban Socioeconomic Factors in China

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          Abstract

          Frequent hazy weather has been one of the most obvious air problems accompanying China’s rapid urbanization. As one of the main components of haze pollution, fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), which severely affects environmental quality and people’s health, has attracted wide attention. This study investigated the PM 2.5 distribution, changing trends and impact of urban factors based on remote-sensing PM 2.5 concentration data from 2000 to 2015, combining land-use data and socioeconomic data, and using the least-squares method and structural equation model (SEM). The results showed that the high concentration of PM 2.5 in China was mainly concentrated in the eastern part of China and Sichuan Province. The trends of the PM 2.5 concentration in eastern part and Northeast China, Sichuan, and Guangxi Provinces were positive. Meanwhile, the ratios of increasing trends were strongest in built-up land and agricultural land, and the decreasing trends were strongest in forest and grassland, but the overall trends were still growing. The SEM results indicated that economic factors contributed most to PM 2.5 pollution, followed by demographic factors and spatial factors. Among all observed variables, the secondary industrial GDP had the highest impact on PM 2.5 pollution. Based on the above results, PM 2.5 pollution remains an important environmental issue in China at present and even in the future. It is necessary for decision-makers to make actions and policies from macroscopic and microscopic, long-term and short-term aspects to reduce pollution.

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          Impact of urbanization level on urban air quality: a case of fine particles (PM(2.5)) in Chinese cities.

          We examined and compared PM2.5 concentrations in urban and the surrounding regions, and further investigated the impact of urbanization on urban PM2.5 concentrations at the Chinese prefectures. Annual PM2.5 concentrations in most prefectures were greater than 10 μg/m(3), the air quality guideline of the World Health Organization. Those prefectures were mainly distributed along the east coast and southeast of Sichuan province; The urban PM2.5 concentrations ( [Formula: see text] ) in 85 cities were greater than (>10 μg/m(3)) those in the surrounding area. Those cities were mainly located in the Beijing-Sichuan and Shanghai-Guangxi belts. In addition, [Formula: see text] was less than (<0 μg/m(3)) that in surrounding areas in only 41 prefectures, which were located in western China or nearby mega cities; Significant positive correlations were found between [Formula: see text] and urban population (R(2) = 0.99, P < 0.05), and between [Formula: see text] and urban second industry fraction (R(2) = 0.71, P < 0.05), suggesting that urbanization had considerable impact on PM2.5 concentrations.
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            The characteristics and drivers of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) distribution in China

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              Estimating ground-level PM2.5using aerosol optical depth determined from satellite remote sensing

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Int J Environ Res Public Health
                ijerph
                International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
                MDPI
                1661-7827
                1660-4601
                27 March 2019
                April 2019
                : 16
                : 7
                : 1099
                Affiliations
                [1 ]CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 72, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China; tuoshi0411@ 123456163.com (T.S.); huym@ 123456iae.ac.cn (Y.H.); lichunlin@ 123456iae.ac.cn (C.L.); trulyzhang@ 123456foxmail.com (C.Z.); renbaihui1004@ 123456126.com (B.R.)
                [2 ]College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
                [3 ]Department of Geography & Planning, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
                [4 ]Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120, Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: lium@ 123456iae.ac.cn ; Tel.: +86-24-8397-0351
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4680-7542
                Article
                ijerph-16-01099
                10.3390/ijerph16071099
                6480137
                30934778
                2795ba96-e1ee-4f77-8d5d-0528b05f9312
                © 2019 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 19 December 2018
                : 18 March 2019
                Categories
                Article

                Public health
                fine particulate matter,socioeconomic factor,land use,distribution pattern
                Public health
                fine particulate matter, socioeconomic factor, land use, distribution pattern

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