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      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Effects of the European hornet ( Vespa crabro Linnaeus 1761) crude venom on its own species

      brief-report

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          Abstract

          Background

          Lethal dose 50% is a classical index of toxicity that usually employs small rodents as experimental animals. Therefore, scarce data are available on the effects of venom on invertebrates, particularly the impact of wasp venom on its own species.

          Findings

          In the present study, the lethality of Vespa crabro venom on its own species was studied. Lethal dose 50% values of crude venom on workers of hornet Vespa crabro were estimated to be 4.0 mg/kg of body weight.

          Conclusions

          Wasps can use their venom apparatus effectively when attacking foreign workers that appear in the immediate vicinity of their nest. The toxins released during stinging are potent enough to kill. The result of this study eliminates the popular myth that venomous animals can be resistant to their own venom.

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          Spider-Venom Peptides as Bioinsecticides

          Volker Herzig, Volker Herzig, Glenn F. King … (2012)
          Over 10,000 arthropod species are currently considered to be pest organisms. They are estimated to contribute to the destruction of ~14% of the world’s annual crop production and transmit many pathogens. Presently, arthropod pests of agricultural and health significance are controlled predominantly through the use of chemical insecticides. Unfortunately, the widespread use of these agrochemicals has resulted in genetic selection pressure that has led to the development of insecticide-resistant arthropods, as well as concerns over human health and the environment. Bioinsecticides represent a new generation of insecticides that utilise organisms or their derivatives (e.g., transgenic plants, recombinant baculoviruses, toxin-fusion proteins and peptidomimetics) and show promise as environmentally-friendly alternatives to conventional agrochemicals. Spider-venom peptides are now being investigated as potential sources of bioinsecticides. With an estimated 100,000 species, spiders are one of the most successful arthropod predators. Their venom has proven to be a rich source of hyperstable insecticidal mini-proteins that cause insect paralysis or lethality through the modulation of ion channels, receptors and enzymes. Many newly characterized insecticidal spider toxins target novel sites in insects. Here we review the structure and pharmacology of these toxins and discuss the potential of this vast peptide library for the discovery of novel bioinsecticides.
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            An emerging paradigm of colony health: microbial balance of the honey bee and hive (Apis mellifera)

            K E Anderson, T. Sheehan, B. Eckholm … (2011)
            Article 0 comments Cited 57 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Ponericins, new antibacterial and insecticidal peptides from the venom of the ant Pachycondyla goeldii.

              Yves Le Conte, A Longeon, V Redeker … (2001)
              The antimicrobial, insecticidal, and hemolytic properties of peptides isolated from the venom of the predatory ant Pachycondyla goeldii, a member of the subfamily Ponerinae, were investigated. Fifteen novel peptides, named ponericins, exhibiting antibacterial and insecticidal properties were purified, and their amino acid sequences were characterized. According to their primary structure similarities, they can be classified into three families: ponericin G, W, and L. Ponericins share high sequence similarities with known peptides: ponericins G with cecropin-like peptides, ponericins W with gaegurins and melittin, and ponericins L with dermaseptins. Ten peptides were synthesized for further analysis. Their antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains were analyzed together with their insecticidal activities against cricket larvae and their hemolytic activities. Interestingly, within each of the three families, several peptides present differences in their biological activities. The comparison of the structural features of ponericins with those of well-studied peptides suggests that the ponericins may adopt an amphipathic alpha-helical structure in polar environments, such as cell membranes. In the venom, the estimated peptide concentrations appear to be compatible with an antibacterial activity in vivo. This suggests that in the ant colony, the peptides exhibit a defensive role against microbial pathogens arising from prey introduction and/or ingestion.
              Article 0 comments Cited 48 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Jerzy Nadolski
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis
                Title: The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Print): 1678-9199
                ISSN (Electronic): 1678-9199
                Publication date Collection: 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 18 March 2013
                Volume: 19
                Page: 4
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Natural History Museum, University of Łódź, Kilińskiego 101, Łódź, 90-011, Poland
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1678-9199-19-4
                DOI: 10.1186/1678-9199-19-4
                PMC ID: 3707105
                SO-VID: 27c30dbc-3169-4458-8339-5cb46e69c70b
                Copyright © Copyright ©2013 Nadolski; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 19 November 2012
                Date accepted : 15 March 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Short Report

                Keywords: european hornet,vespa crabro,hornet venoms,ld50
                Data availability:
                Keywords: european hornet, vespa crabro, hornet venoms, ld50

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