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      Opportunities to advance sustainable design of nano-enabled agriculture identified through a literature review

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          Abstract

          Opportunities to advance agriculture sustainability through innovative nano-enabled design are identified from review of current agriculture and food system applications.

          Abstract

          The application of nanotechnology in agriculture and food systems is a new and rapidly evolving area of research with the potential to positively impact an industry that is experiencing increased demand under increasingly stressed resources. Given the intimate relationship between agriculture, the environment, and human health, a proactive approach to design is critical – one that is informed by considering the trade-offs between potential benefits realized by nano-enabling and potential adverse impacts imposed by their use. This tutorial review includes an overview of current and proposed nano-enabled applications that are unique to agriculture and food systems to identify, (i) the function provided and proposed benefits realized through nano-enabling, (ii) the efficiency of (nano)material use, and (iii) the proposed mechanism through which the ‘nano’ component of the design operates. It is through this review that three primary suggestions emerge, offering guidance for ongoing studies to inform design for enhanced agriculture sustainability: the need for (i) comprehensive data reporting, including material flows (input, emissions, and retention in the environment or product) of the engineered nanomaterials or active ingredient used, (ii) experimental design that includes non-nano controls, and (iii) identification and discussion of mechanisms underlying how the ‘nano’ aspect of the design enables the observed outcome. In addition to overarching guidance for continued research to inform design for enhanced agriculture sustainability, suggestions unique to each reviewed product class are also provided.

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          Applications of nanotechnology in food packaging and food safety: Barrier materials, antimicrobials and sensors

          Graphical abstract Nanotechnology may revolutionize the food industry by providing stronger, high-barrier packaging materials, more potent antimicrobial agents, and a host of sensors which can detect trace contaminants, gasses or microbes in packaged foods. Highlights ► Focuses on the use of nanomaterials in food packaging and sensing applications. ► Polymer nanocomposites offer high gas barriers, strength, and flame retardancy. ► Silver and metal oxide nanoparticles are potent biocides. ► Nanosensors and assays detect gasses, small molecules and microorganisms. ► Economic outlook and health and safety implications are also briefly reviewed.
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            Applications of nanotechnology in water and wastewater treatment.

            Providing clean and affordable water to meet human needs is a grand challenge of the 21st century. Worldwide, water supply struggles to keep up with the fast growing demand, which is exacerbated by population growth, global climate change, and water quality deterioration. The need for technological innovation to enable integrated water management cannot be overstated. Nanotechnology holds great potential in advancing water and wastewater treatment to improve treatment efficiency as well as to augment water supply through safe use of unconventional water sources. Here we review recent development in nanotechnology for water and wastewater treatment. The discussion covers candidate nanomaterials, properties and mechanisms that enable the applications, advantages and limitations as compared to existing processes, and barriers and research needs for commercialization. By tracing these technological advances to the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, the present review outlines the opportunities and limitations to further capitalize on these unique properties for sustainable water management. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Nanoparticulate material delivery to plants

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ESNNA4
                Environmental Science: Nano
                Environ. Sci.: Nano
                Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                2051-8153
                2051-8161
                2018
                2018
                : 5
                : 1
                : 11-26
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
                [2 ]University of Pittsburgh
                [3 ]Pittsburgh
                [4 ]USA
                Article
                10.1039/C7EN00766C
                2883420e-188c-470d-999e-d091c68ef625
                © 2018

                http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use

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