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      Evaluación a 72 meses de una estrategia de prevención en salud oral en escolares Translated title: 72-month evaluation of an oral health prevention strategy in schoolchildren

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          RESUMEN

          Fundamentos:

          Dada la alta prevalencia de caries y enfermedad periodontal a nivel global, y su proceso acumulativo desde temprana edad, se requieren estrategias efectivas para incidir en hábitos saludables que se formen de manera sostenible, aprovechando espacios comunes como la escuela. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar a 72 meses una estrategia de prevención en salud oral en escolares.

          Métodos:

          Esta investigación cuasi-experimental, longitudinal consideró una muestra inicial de 350 escolares con condiciones culturales y socioeconómicas similares, que después de 72 meses se redujo a 220. La práctica de cepillado dentro de la escuela se realizó diariamente, con motivación de sus maestros y formación de líderes de salud oral. Durante todo el tiempo la intervención estuvo supervisada. Al inicio y a los 72 meses, se tomaron los índices epidemiológicos: de Placa de Silness y Loe, Gingival de Loe y Silness, cepillado de Simmons Smith y Gelbie (ICSG), y el índice MEDIMED que consideró dicotómicamente: dientes permanentes sanos, salud de la encía y buena actitud hacia la odontología. El análisis estadístico incluyó medidas de tendencia central. La diferencia de promedios de los índices se determinó con la prueba U de Mann Whitney.

          Resultados:

          Los promedios de los índices iniciales (II) y finales (IF) registraron así: gingival (II: 0,63-IF: 0,27) y placa bacteriana (II: 0,99-IF: 0,41) con una diferencia p<0,05. El índice (ICSG) indicó una remoción de placa dental del 82,18%. El índice MEDIMED: “dientes permanentes sanos” (II: 91% - IF: 59%); encía (II: 14% - IF: a 85%) y el componente “Mente” (II: 96 % - IF: 87%).

          Conclusiones:

          La estrategia preventiva evaluada disminuyó los índices de placa bacteriana y gingival en forma significativa. El índice MEDIMED indicó disminucion en dientes permanentes sanos y disminución de una actitud positiva hacia la odontología.

          ABSTRACT

          Background:

          Given the high prevalence of caries and periodontal disease globally, and its cumulative process from an early age, effective strategies are required to influence healthy habits that are formed in a sustainable manner, taking advantage of common spaces such as school. The objective was to evaluate for 72 months an oral health prevention strategy in schoolchildren.

          Methods:

          This quasi-experimental study considered an initial sample of 350 students with similar cultural and socioeconomic conditions, which was later reduced to 220, after the 72 months. The tooth brushing practice was carried out at school daily; with teacher motivation and leader in oral health formation. Intervention was supervised all time long. to At the beginning and end of the 72 months, the following epidemiological indexes were taken: Silness-Loe plaque index, Loe-Silness Gingival index, brushing skill index by Simmons Smith & Gelbie (ISSG), and the MEDI-MED index that dichotomically considered: healthy permanent teeth, health of the gums and good attitude towards dental health. The statistical analysis included measures of central tendencies. The difference in averages of the indices was determined by the Mann-Whitney U test.

          Results:

          The average of the indices: initial (II) and final (IF) registered as follows: gingival (II: 0.63-IF: 0.27) and bacterial plaque (II: 0.99-IF: 0.41) with a difference p <0.05. The index (ISSG) indicated a dental plaque removal of 82.18%.MEDI-MED index “healthy permanent teeth” (II: 91% - IF: 59%); Gum (II: 14% - IF: at 85%) and the “Mind” component (II: 96% - IF: 87%).

          Conclusions:

          The preventive strategy evaluated significantly reduced the rates of bacterial and gingival plaque. The MEDI-MED index indicated decreased in healthy permanent teeth and a positive attitude towards dentistry.

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          Most cited references52

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          Prevalence of dental caries among 12-14 year old children in Qatar.

          To ensure the oral health of a population, clinicians must deliver appropriate dental services, and local communities need to have access to dental care facilities. However, establishment of this infrastructure must be based on reliable information regarding disease prevalence and severity in the target population.
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            Dental fear & anxiety and dental pain in children and adolescents; a systemic review

            Background There are few previous studies investigating the relationship of dental fear and anxiety (DFA) with dental pain among children and adolescents. To address this issue, we examined the literature published between November 1873 and May 2015 to evaluate the prevalence of DFA and dental pain among children and adolescents, and their relationships with age and sex. Methods We performed a broad search of the PubMed database using 3 combinations of the search terms dental fear, anxiety, and dental pain and prevalence. A large proportion of the identified articles could not be used for the review due to inadequate end points or measures, or because of poor study design. Thirty-two papers of acceptable quality were identified and reviewed. Results We found that the prevalence of DFA was estimated to be 10%, with a decrease in prevalence with age. It was more frequently seen in girls, and was related to dental pain. Conclusions We concluded that dental fear, anxiety, and pain are common, and several psychological factors are associated with their development. In order to better understand these relationships, further clinical evaluations and studies are required.
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              Effectiveness of a school dental education program in improving oral health knowledge and oral hygiene practices and status of 12- to 13-year-old school children.

              Children with poor oral health are 12 times more likely to have restricted-activity days. Dental health education [DHE], with the objective of improving the oral hygiene of the participants, would have obvious merits. To determine the effectiveness of school DHE, conducted at repeated and differing intervals, in improving oral health knowledge, practices, oral hygiene status, and the gingival health of schoolchildren belonging to two socioeconomic classes. This 36-week duration study assessed the effectiveness of school DHE conducted every three weeks against every six weeks on oral health knowledge, practices, oral hygiene status and gingival health of 415, 12- to 13-year-old schoolchildren belonging to social classes I and V. Of the three selected schools of each social class, one each was subjected to the intervention of either three or six weeks or was a control, respectively. Oral health knowledge and practices were evaluated using a questionnaire. Oral hygiene and gingival health were assessed using plaque and gingival indices. Friedman's test was used for the longitudinal analysis of data. ANOVA and Student's t test were used for continuous data. Plaque and Gingival score reductions were highly significant in intervention schools, and were not influenced by the socioeconomic status. When oral health knowledge was evaluated, highly significant changes were seen in intervention schools; more significantly in schools receiving more frequent interventions. The socioeconomic status influenced the oral hygiene aids used and the frequency of change of toothbrush. Controls showed no significant changes throughout. The DHE program conducted at three-week intervals was more effective than that conducted at six-week intervals in improving oral health knowledge, practices, oral hygiene status, and gingival health of schoolchildren.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Esp Salud Publica
                Rev Esp Salud Publica
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                06 September 2018
                Jan-Dec 2018
                : 92
                : e201809061
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalUniversidad Autónoma de Manizales. Colombia. normalizedUniversidad Autónoma de Manizales orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Manizales Colombia Colombia
                Author notes
                Correspondencia: Brenda Yuliana Herrera Serna Departamento de Salud Oral Universidad Autonoma de Manizales Carrera 19a #43a-50 bherrera@ 123456autonoma.edu.co
                Article
                e201809061
                11587225
                28ad6808-e7dd-4dad-a662-dd823e9939d7

                This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. You are free to Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) under the following terms: Attribution (You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use); NonCommercial (You may not use the material for commercial purposes); NoDerivatives (If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material); No additional restrictions (You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits).

                History
                : 21 March 2018
                : 13 June 2018
                : 06 September 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 45, Pages: 1
                Categories
                Original

                índice de placa bacteriana,índice gingival,cepillado dental,prevención,salud de los niños,bacterial plaque index,gingival index,tooth brushing,prevention,children’s health

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