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      Efficacy and acceptability of a web platform to teach nutrition education to children Translated title: Eficacia y aceptabilidad de una plataforma web para enseñar educación nutricional a niños

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction: Nutrition Education (NE) has been identified as a key factor to prevent children obesity. Teachers and dietitians are the professionals in charge of transmitting this knowledge to children; however, it has been identified that they do not possess either proper training, or the proper tools to perform this activity. Objectives: to evaluate the acceptability and usability of a NE Internet platform and its two “Serious Games” (SGs) among a sample of elementary school teachers, dietitians, and education students. In addition, to evaluate the efficacy of this platform to teach NE in a sample of children aged 9 to 12 years. Methods: a total of 66 NE professionals and 135 children participated. Usability and acceptability questionnaires of the platform and an instrument to measure the acceptability, immersion, and playability of the SGs were administered to the professionals. The children fulfilled a questionnaire on nutritional knowledge. Descriptive statistics analyzed the main responses of the professionals involved, and an ANOVA compared the differences observed. For the children's data a t-test of repeated samples and a repeated-measures ANOVA were performed. Results: dietitians and education students responded with a favorable opinion about the platform; however, the scores given by all professionals to the SGs ranged from low to moderate. Children increased their nutritional knowledge from pre to post evaluation (p < 0.001). This increase was observed in 10-year-old children and in children with 11 to 12 years of age, but not in 9-year-olds. Conclusions: this platform proved to be an effective tool to increase children’s nutritional knowledge. Professionals expressed a medium level in terms of acceptability and usability for this platform, but also effectiveness in providing NE to children.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción: la educación nutricional (EN) se ha identificado como un factor clave para prevenir la obesidad infantil. Los profesionales encargados de transmitir este conocimiento a los niños son maestros y dietistas; sin embargo, se ha identificado que no cuentan ni con la capacitación, ni con las herramientas adecuadas para realizar esta actividad. Objetivos: evaluar la aceptabilidad y la facilidad de uso de una plataforma de Internet de EN y sus dos “Juegos Favoritos” (JF) en una muestra de maestros de primaria, nutricionistas y estudiantes de educación. Además, evaluar la eficacia de esta plataforma para enseñar EN en una muestra de niños de 9 a 12 años. Métodos: participaron un total de 66 profesionales de EN y 135 niños. Se administraron a los profesionales cuestionarios de usabilidad y aceptabilidad de la plataforma, y un instrumento para medir la aceptabilidad, la inmersión y la jugabilidad de los JF. Los niños completaron un cuestionario sobre conocimiento nutricional. Se analizaron con estadísticas descriptivas las principales respuestas de los profesionales y las diferencias se compararon con un ANOVA. Para los datos de los niños se realizaron una prueba “t” de muestras repetidas y un ANOVA de medidas repetidas. Resultados: los nutricionistas y los estudiantes de educación dieron una opinión favorable sobre la plataforma; sin embargo, las puntuaciones de todos los profesionales acerca de los JF fueron de bajas a medias. Los niños aumentaron su conocimiento nutricional al comparar la evaluación antes y después de la plataforma (p < 0.001). El aumento se observó en los niños de 10 años y en los niños de 11 a 12 años, pero no en los niños de 9 años. Conclusiones: esta plataforma demostró ser una herramienta efectiva para aumentar el conocimiento nutricional de los niños. Los profesionales expresaron un nivel medio en términos de aceptabilidad y usabilidad para esta plataforma, pero también efectividad para impartir EN a los niños.

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          Childhood obesity: causes and consequences

          Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels in developed as well as in developing countries. Overweight and obesity in childhood are known to have significant impact on both physical and psychological health. Overweight and obese children are likely to stay obese into adulthood and more likely to develop non-communicable diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases at a younger age. The mechanism of obesity development is not fully understood and it is believed to be a disorder with multiple causes. Environmental factors, lifestyle preferences, and cultural environment play pivotal roles in the rising prevalence of obesity worldwide. In general, overweight and obesity are assumed to be the results of an increase in caloric and fat intake. On the other hand, there are supporting evidence that excessive sugar intake by soft drink, increased portion size, and steady decline in physical activity have been playing major roles in the rising rates of obesity all around the world. Childhood obesity can profoundly affect children's physical health, social, and emotional well-being, and self esteem. It is also associated with poor academic performance and a lower quality of life experienced by the child. Many co-morbid conditions like metabolic, cardiovascular, orthopedic, neurological, hepatic, pulmonary, and renal disorders are also seen in association with childhood obesity.
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            Development of a general nutrition knowledge questionnaire for adults.

            This paper describes the development of a reliable and valid questionnaire to provide a comprehensive measure of the nutritional knowledge of UK adults. The instrument will help to identify areas of weakness in people's understanding of healthy eating and will also provide useful data for examining the relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviour which, up until now, has been far from clear. Items were generated paying particular attention to content validity. The initial version of the questionnaire was piloted and assessed on psychometric criteria. Items which did not reach acceptable validity were excluded, and the final 50 item version was administered to two groups differing in nutritional expertise on two occasions to assess the construct validity and test-retest reliability. The questionnaire was developed in 1994 in the UK. Three hundred and ninety-one members of the general public, recruited via their places of work, completed the questionnaire at the piloting stage. The final version was administered to 168 dietetics and computer science students following a university lecture. The internal consistency of each section was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.70-0.97) and the test-retest reliability was also well above the minimum requirement of 0.7. Nutrition experts scored significantly better than computer experts [F(1167) = 200.5, P<0.001], suggesting good construct validity. The findings demonstrate that the instrument meets psychometric criteria for reliability and construct validity. It should provide a useful scale with which to reassess the relationship between knowledge and dietary behaviour.
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              Serious games for health

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                December 2020
                : 37
                : 6
                : 1107-1117
                Affiliations
                [1] Valencia orgnameUniversidad Internacional de Valencia Spain
                [2] Valencia orgnameUniversidad de Valencia orgdiv1Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment Spain
                [3] Madrid Madrid orgnameUniversidad Carlos III de Madrid orgdiv1CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112020000800003 S0212-1611(20)03700600003
                10.20960/nh.03188
                28aefc6f-9143-4d86-addf-5fd768e9d23f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 May 2020
                : 14 August 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Papers

                Ciencias de la nutrición infantil,Maestros de escuela primaria,Nutricionistas,Nutritionists,Healthy nutrition,Elementary school teachers,Nutrición saludable,Internet-based intervention,Child nutritional sciences,Intervención basada en Internet

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