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      The inventory as a core element in the further development of the science curriculum in the Mannheim Reformed Curriculum of Medicine Translated title: Die Bestandsaufnahme als Kernelement bei der Weiterentwicklung des Mannheimer Wissenschaftscurriculums im Modellstudiengang Medizin

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          Abstract

          Introduction: The German Council of Science and Humanities as well as a number of medical professional associations support the strengthening of scientific competences by developing longitudinal curricula for teaching scientific competences in the undergraduate medical education. The National Competence Based Catalogue of Learning Objectives for Undergraduate Medical Education (NKLM) has also defined medical scientific skills as learning objectives in addition to the role of the scholar. The development of the Mannheim science curriculum started with a systematic inventory of the teaching of scientific competences in the Mannheim Reformed Curriculum of Medicine (MaReCuM).

          Methods: The inventory is based on the analysis of module profiles, teaching materials, surveys among experts, and verbatims from memory. Furthermore, science learning objectives were defined and prioritized, thus enabling the contents of the various courses to be assigned to the top three learning objectives.

          Results: The learning objectives systematic collection of information regarding the current state of research, critical assessment of scientific information and data sources, as well as presentation and discussion of the results of scientific studies are facilitated by various teaching courses from the first to the fifth year of undergraduate training. The review reveals a longitudinal science curriculum that has emerged implicitly. Future efforts must aim at eliminating redundancies and closing gaps; in addition, courses must be more closely aligned with each other, regarding both their contents and their timing, by means of a central coordination unit.

          Conclusion: The teaching of scientific thinking and working is a central component in the MaReCuM. The inventory and prioritization of science learning objectives form the basis for a structured ongoing development of the curriculum. An essential aspect here is the establishment of a central project team responsible for the planning, coordination, and review of these measures.

          Zusammenfassung

          Zielsetzung: Die Stärkung wissenschaftlicher Kompetenzen, u.a. durch die Entwicklung von longitudinalen Curricula zur Vermittlung von wissenschaftlichen Kompetenzen im Medizinstudium, wird vom Wissenschaftsrat und von verschiedenen Fachgesellschaften gefordert. Im Nationalen Kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalog Medizin (NKLM) wurden, neben dem Gelehrten, medizinisch-wissenschaftliche Fertigkeiten als Lernziele definiert. Auf dem Weg zum Mannheimer Wissenschaftscurriculum wurde zunächst das Ziel einer systematischen Bestandsaufnahme der Lehre wissenschaftlicher Kompetenzen im MaReCuM (Mannheimer Reformiertes Curriculum für Medizin) verfolgt.

          Methodik: Die Bestandsaufnahme basierte auf der Analyse von Modulsteckbriefen, Lehrmaterialien, Expertenbefragungen und Gedächtnisprotokollen. Weiterhin wurden wissenschaftsorientierte Lernziele definiert und priorisiert, so dass die Inhalte der verschiedenen Lehrveranstaltungen den drei am höchsten priorisierten Lernzielen zugeordnet werden konnten.

          Ergebnisse: Die Lernziele der systematischen Gewinnung von Informationen zum Stand der Forschung, kritischen Bewertung von wissenschaftlichen Informationen und Quellen, der Präsentation und Diskussion von Ergebnissen wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen werden vom 1. bis 5. Studienjahr in verschiedenen Lehrveranstaltungen vermittelt. Es lässt sich ein longitudinales Wissenschaftscurriculum feststellen, welches implizit entstanden ist. In Zukunft müssen Redundanzen beseitigt und Lücken geschlossen sowie die Veranstaltungen inhaltlich und zeitlich mit Hilfe einer zentralen Koordination abgestimmt werden.

          Schlussfolgerung: Die Lehre des wissenschaftlichen Denkens und Arbeitens ist wesentlicher Bestandteil im MaReCuM. Die Bestandsaufnahme und die Priorisierung wissenschaftsorientierter Lernziele stellen die Basis für eine strukturierte Weiterentwicklung des Curriculums dar. Essentiell ist, dass eine zentrale Steuerungsgruppe diese Maßnahmen plant, koordiniert und überprüft.

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          What the Student Does: teaching for enhanced learning

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              AMEE Guide No. 21: Curriculum mapping: a tool for transparent and authentic teaching and learning.

              R Harden (2001)
              The curriculum is a sophisticated blend of educational strategies, course content, learning outcomes, educational experiences, assessment, the educational environment and the individual students' learning style, personal timetable and programme of work. Curriculum mapping can help both staff and students by displaying these key elements of the curriculum, and the relationships between them. Students can identify what, when, where and how they can learn. Staff can be clear about their role in the big picture. The scope and sequence of student learning is made explicit, links with assessment are clarified and curriculum planning becomes more effective and efficient. In this way the curriculum is more transparent to all the stakeholders including the teachers, the students, the curriculum developer, the manager, the public and the researcher. The windows through which the curriculum map can be explored may include: (1) the expected learning outcomes; (2) curriculum content or areas of expertise covered; (3) student assessment; (4) learning opportunities; (5) learning location; (6) learning resources; (7) timetable; (8) staff; (9) curriculum management; (10) students. Nine steps are described in the development of a curriculum map and practical suggestions are made as to how curriculum maps can be introduced in practice to the benefit of all concerned. The key to a really effective integrated curriculum is to get teachers to exchange information about what is being taught and to coordinate this so that it reflects the overall goals of the school. This can be achieved through curriculum mapping, which has become an essential tool for the implementation and development of a curriculum. Faced with curricula which are becoming more centralized and less departmentally based, and with curricula including both core and optional elements, the teacher may find that the curriculum map is the glue which holds the curriculum together.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS Journal for Medical Education
                German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
                2366-5017
                15 May 2017
                2017
                : 34
                : 2
                : Doc22
                Affiliations
                [1 ]University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim at Heidelberg University, Department of Undergraduate Education and Educational Development, Mannheim, Germany
                [2 ]University Medicine Mannheim, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Mannheim, Germany
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Julia Eckel, University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim at Heidelberg University, Department of Undergraduate Education and Educational Development, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany, E-mail: julia.eckel@ 123456medma.uni-heidelberg.de
                Article
                zma001099 Doc22 urn:nbn:de:0183-zma0010997
                10.3205/zma001099
                5450426
                28bf38ba-d25f-4d39-89b9-801266bf22f5
                Copyright © 2017 Eckel et al.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. See license information at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 07 March 2016
                : 17 March 2017
                : 09 March 2017
                Categories
                Article

                curriculum inventory,longitudinal science curriculum,training of scientific skills/competences

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