Obstructive damages of the peripheral arteries in diabetes mellitus patients are known to occur 4 times more often than in patients not having diabetes. For the recent 10 years 390 patients with serious decompensated diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot have been examined and treated. The atherosclerotic process in the low extremity arteries in diabetes mellitus patients was found to be more distally located, symmetrical and the ischemia signs were quickly progressing and badly answered to treatment. As a rule, sympathectomy and restoring operations were ineffective, often followed by necrotic alterations of the foot skin and gangrene. Our data have shown that even young patients with the main type of blood flow having the diabetic foot syndrome have certain signs of atherosclerotic affection of the low extremity arteries. It must be taken into consideration in their treatment.