6
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Pleiotropic Effect of Hormone Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in Immune Response and Pathogenesis in Leishmaniases

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Leishmaniases are diseases caused by several Leishmania species, and many factors contribute to the development of the infection. Because the adaptive immune response does not fully explain the outcome of Leishmania infection and considering that the initial events are crucial in the establishment of the infection, we investigated one of the growth factors, the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), found in circulation and produced by different cells including macrophages and present in the skin where the parasite is inoculated. Here, we review the role of IGF-I in leishmaniasis experimental models and human patients. IGF-I induces the growth of different Leishmania species in vitro and alters the disease outcome increasing the parasite load and lesion size, especially in L. major- and L. amazonensis-infected mouse leishmaniasis. IGF-I affects the parasite interacting with the IGF-I receptor present on Leishmania. During Leishmania-macrophage interaction, IGF-I acts on the arginine metabolic pathway, resulting in polyamine production both in macrophages and Leishmania. IGF-I and cytokines interact with reciprocal influences on their expression. IL-4 is a hallmark of susceptibility to L. major in murine leishmaniasis, but we observed that IGF-I operates astoundingly as an effector element of the IL-4. Approaching human leishmaniasis, patients with mucosal, disseminated, and visceral diseases presented surprisingly low IGF-I serum levels, suggesting diverse effects than parasite growth. We observed that low IGF-I levels might contribute to the inflammatory response persistence and delayed lesion healing in human cutaneous leishmaniasis and the anemia development in visceral leishmaniasis. We must highlight the complexity of infection revealed depending on the Leishmania species and the parasite's developmental stages. Because IGF-I exerts pleiotropic effects on the biology of interaction and disease pathogenesis, IGF-I turns up as an attractive tool to explore biological and pathogenic processes underlying infection development. IGF-I pleiotropic effects open further the possibility of approaching IGF-I as a therapeutical target.

          Related collections

          Most cited references137

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Leishmaniasis

          Leishmaniasis is a poverty-related disease with two main clinical forms: visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. An estimated 0·7-1 million new cases of leishmaniasis per year are reported from nearly 100 endemic countries. The number of reported visceral leishmaniasis cases has decreased substantially in the past decade as a result of better access to diagnosis and treatment and more intense vector control within an elimination initiative in Asia, although natural cycles in transmission intensity might play a role. In east Africa however, the case numbers of this fatal disease continue to be sustained. Increased conflict in endemic areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis and forced displacement has resulted in a surge in these endemic areas as well as clinics across the world. WHO lists leishmaniasis as one of the neglected tropical diseases for which the development of new treatments is a priority. Major evidence gaps remain, and new tools are needed before leishmaniasis can be definitively controlled.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: biological actions.

              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              The intriguing biology of the tumour necrosis factor/tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily: players, rules and the games.

              The members of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)/tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily are critically involved in the maintenance of homeostasis of the immune system. The biological functions of this system encompass beneficial and protective effects in inflammation and host defence as well as a crucial role in organogenesis. At the same time, members of this superfamily are responsible for host damaging effects in sepsis, cachexia, and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes recent progress in the immunobiology of the TNF/TNFR superfamily focusing on results obtained from animal studies using gene targeted mice. The different modes of signalling pathways affecting cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune organ development as well as host defence are reviewed. Molecular and cellular mechanisms that demonstrate a therapeutic potential by targeting individual receptors or ligands for the treatment of chronic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases are discussed.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                J Immunol Res
                J Immunol Res
                jir
                Journal of Immunology Research
                Hindawi
                2314-8861
                2314-7156
                2021
                4 May 2021
                : 2021
                : 6614475
                Affiliations
                1Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
                2Departamento de Salud Publica, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
                3Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Gabriela Santos-Gomes

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5412-4066
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8700-5469
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6080-4532
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9234-8378
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7845-6126
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-5915
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7048-562X
                Article
                10.1155/2021/6614475
                8116165
                2932b397-98c2-4af2-94fc-04fb6650c833
                Copyright © 2021 Luiza C. Reis et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 24 December 2020
                : 3 April 2021
                : 11 April 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
                Funded by: Programa Nacional de Becas y Crédito Educativo de Perú
                Funded by: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
                Award ID: 88882.376675/2019-01
                Award ID: 88887.572142/2020-00
                Award ID: 1747829
                Funded by: Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa
                Funded by: Medical Research Council
                Award ID: MR/P024661/1
                Funded by: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
                Award ID: 2014/08340-8
                Award ID: 2017/02959-4
                Award ID: 2019/25393-1
                Award ID: 2018/14398-0
                Categories
                Review Article

                Comments

                Comment on this article