15
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
3 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      COVID-19, diabetes y el sistema inmunológico Translated title: COVID-19, diabetes, and the immune system

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Resumen En el año de 2019 en la provincia de Wuhan, China, se reportó un brote de neumonías atípicas, con síntomas similares a los del Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo (SARS), brote reportado en el 2003, y al Síndrome Respiratorio del Oriente Medio (MERS), brote reportado en 2012 en Arabia Saudita. Esta enfermedad emergente fue causada por el nuevo coronavirus “Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo Coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2) o también denominada COVID-19 del inglés Coronavirus desease 2019, caracterizado por presentar severos problemas respiratorios y diversas manifestaciones extrapulmonares. Al momento se ha reportado una elevada tasa de mortalidad en individuos del sexo masculino, en adultos mayores de 60 años, y en personas con comorbilidades como diabetes obesidad, hipertensión y problemas cardiacos. La diabetes es una enfermedad caracterizada por resistencia a insulina, pérdida de función de células β en el páncreas, y desbalance del sistema inmune por el estado de inflamación crónica. En pacientes graves con COVID-19, se ha observado una secreción alterada de citocinas pro inflamatorias, si esto ocurre en un paciente diabético, que ya tiene un estado inflamatorio per se, se induce inflamación exacerbada y una falla multiorgánica que puede desencadenar en la muerte de los pacientes. Diversos autores señalan como hipótesis que la hiperglicemia favorece la replicación viral, por lo que en un paciente “diabético con infección COVID-19”, es primordial mantener un control glicémico adecuado. Los tratamientos para COVID-19 se han enfocado en disminuir los síntomas, el uso de antivirales, antiinflamatorios, anticuerpos monoclonales y plasma convaleciente COVID-19 ha mostrado resultados variables. Para el control de esta infección viral es necesaria una vacuna, al momento existen más de 150 candidatos, con una eficiencia que va del rango de 70 al 95%, pero aún falta determinar la inmunidad a largo plazo en las personas vacunadas. Esta revisión aborda las características de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 y la respuesta inmunitaria en pacientes diabéticos frente a COVID-19.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract In 2019 in Wuhan province, China, an outbreak of atypical pneumonia was reported with similar symptoms to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), an outbreak reported in 2003, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. This emerging disease was caused by a novel coronavirus "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2) or also called COVID-19. Which causes severe respiratory problems and various extrapulmonary manifestations. At the moment, the high mortality of COVID-19 has been related to the male sex, older adults (>60 years), and preexisting comorbidities of diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and heart problems. Diabetes is a disease characterized by insulin resistance and loss of β cell function in the pancreas, with an impaired immune system due to chronic inflammation. In patients with severe COVID-19 infection, altered secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines has been observed, if this infection occurs in a diabetic patient who already has an inflammatory state per se, an exacerbated inflammation and multiorgan failure with fatal consequences can be triggered. Several authors hypothesis suggest that hyperglycemia increases the viral replication in patients “diabetic with COVID-19 infection" is necessary to keep adequate glycemic control. Treatments for COVID-19 had focused on decreasing symptoms, the use of antivirals, anti-inflammatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies and COVID-19 convalescent plasma has shown variable results. A vaccine is needed to control this viral infection, at the moment more than 150 candidates have been developed with efficiency ranges from 70 to 95%, however, the long-term immunity in vaccinated people is still unknown. This review focus on the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immune response in diabetic patients facing COVID-19.

          Related collections

          Most cited references68

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found

          Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

          In December 2019, novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, China. The number of cases has increased rapidly but information on the clinical characteristics of affected patients is limited.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia

            Abstract Background The initial cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)–infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and January 2020. We analyzed data on the first 425 confirmed cases in Wuhan to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of NCIP. Methods We collected information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, and illness timelines of laboratory-confirmed cases of NCIP that had been reported by January 22, 2020. We described characteristics of the cases and estimated the key epidemiologic time-delay distributions. In the early period of exponential growth, we estimated the epidemic doubling time and the basic reproductive number. Results Among the first 425 patients with confirmed NCIP, the median age was 59 years and 56% were male. The majority of cases (55%) with onset before January 1, 2020, were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, as compared with 8.6% of the subsequent cases. The mean incubation period was 5.2 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1 to 7.0), with the 95th percentile of the distribution at 12.5 days. In its early stages, the epidemic doubled in size every 7.4 days. With a mean serial interval of 7.5 days (95% CI, 5.3 to 19), the basic reproductive number was estimated to be 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.9). Conclusions On the basis of this information, there is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019. Considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere. Measures to prevent or reduce transmission should be implemented in populations at risk. (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and others.)
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis

              Highlights • COVID -19 cases are now confirmed in multiple countries. • Assessed the prevalence of comorbidities in infected patients. • Comorbidities are risk factors for severe compared with non-severe patients. • Help the health sector guide vulnerable populations and assess the risk of deterioration.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                ns
                Nova scientia
                Nova scientia
                Universidad de La Salle Bajío A. C., Coordinación de Investigación (León, Guanajuato, Mexico )
                2007-0705
                2021
                : 13
                : spe
                Affiliations
                [2] Chihuahua orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Chihuahua orgdiv1Campus Universitario II orgdiv2Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas Mexico
                [1] Chihuahua orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Chihuahua orgdiv1Campus Universitario II orgdiv2Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Mexico jgmoreno@ 123456uax.mx
                Article
                S2007-07052021000300102 S2007-0705(21)01300000102
                10.21640/ns.v13ie.2751
                293f086a-a634-47d1-b63b-b18b85b35451

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 February 2021
                : 03 November 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 69, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Ciencias naturales e ingenierías

                COVID-19,anticuerpos,serología,SARS-CoV-2,hiperglicemia,inflamación,health,medicine,pandemic,coronavirus,antibodies,serology,pandemia,medicina,inmunidad,tormenta de citocinas,hexosamina,hyperglycemia,inflammation,diabetes,immunity,hexosamine,cytokine storm,salud

                Comments

                Comment on this article